ArticleScandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine2019
Chest wall thickness and depth to vital structures in paediatric patients - implications for prehospital needle decompression of tension pneumothorax.
Article in Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic Performance of ChatGPT-5 for Detecting Pediatric Pneumothorax on Chest Radiographs: A Multi-Prompt Evaluation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A machine learning approach to the development and prospective evaluation of a pediatric lung sound classification model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Safety and Risk Factors of Needle Thoracentesis Decompression in Tension Pneumothorax in Patients over 75 Years Old.Canadian respiratory journal · 2023Article
- [Prehospital treatment of tension pneumothorax in children-which decisions do we make? : Results of a survey among German emergency physicians].Der Anaesthesist · 2021Article
- Lung tissue phantom mimicking pulmonary optical properties, relative humidity, and temperature: a tool to analyze the changes in oxygen gas absorption for different inflated volumes.Journal of biomedical optics · 2021Article
- Sonographic assessment of pediatric chest wall thickness and width of the intercostal space: correlation with anthropometric data and implications for needle decompression.The ultrasound journal · 2021Article
- [Paediatric Life Support].Notfall & rettungsmedizin · 2021Review
- Case Report: Traumatic Tension Pneumothorax in a Pediatric Patient.Journal of education & teaching in emergency medicine · 2021Article
- Determining optimal needle size for decompression of tension pneumothorax in children - a CT-based study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecommendations regarding decompression of tension pneumothorax in small children are scarce and mainly transferred from the adult literature without existing evidence for the paediatric population. This CT-based study evaluates chest wall thickness, width of the intercostal space (ICS) and risk of injury to vital structures by needle decompression in children.
methodsChest wall thickness, width of the intercostal space and depth to vital structures were measured and evaluated at 2nd ICS midclavicular (MCL) line and 4th ICS anterior axillary line (AAL) on both sides of the thorax using computed tomography (CT) in 139 children in three different age groups (0, 5, 10 years).
resultsWidth of the intercostal space was significantly smaller at the 4th ICS compared to the 2nd ICS in all age groups on both sides of the thorax. Chest wall thickness was marginally smaller at the 4th ICS compared to the 2nd ICS in infants and significantly smaller at 4th ICS in children aged 5 years and 10 years. Depth to vital structure for correct angle of needle entry was smaller at the 4th ICS in all age groups on both sides of the thorax. Incorrect angle of needle entry however is accompanied by a higher risk of injury at 2nd ICS. Furthermore, in some children aged 0 and 5 years, the heart or the thymus gland were found directly adjacent to the thoracic wall at 2nd ICS midclavicular line.
conclusionEspecially in small children risk of iatrogenic injury to vital structures by needle decompression is considerably high. The 4th ICS AAL offers a smaller chest wall thickness, but the width of the ICS is smaller and the risk of injury to the intercostal vessels and nerve is greater. Deviations from correct angle of entry however are accompanied by higher risk of injury to intrathoracic structures at the 2nd ICS. Furthermore, we found the heart and the thymus gland to be directly adjacent to the thoracic wall at the 2nd ICS MCL in a few children. From our point of view this puncture site can therefore not be recommended for decompression in small children. We therefore recommend 4th ICS AAL as the primary site of choice.
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