SynthesisClinical psychology review2019
Measurement of substance-free reinforcement in addiction: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Clinical psychology review, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Changes in alcohol use during COVID-19 and associations with contextual and individual difference variables: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Pooled it
- Concurrent validity of the Alcohol Purchase Task for measuring the reinforcing efficacy of alcohol: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Engagement in alcohol-free activities, community-level economic disadvantage, and heavy drinking following alcohol treatment.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026Trial
- Role of relative-reinforcement value of alcohol-free activities during recovery from alcohol use disorder in an adult clinical sample.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Group behavioral activation with and without a smartphone app in intensive outpatient treatment for substance use disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Act Healthy: A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating a Behavioral Activation Intervention to Address Substance Use and Medication Adherence Among Low-Income, Black/African American Individuals Living with HIV/AIDS.AIDS and behavior · 2022Trial
- Daily assessments of behavioral economic indices and drinking among rural-residing adults with at-risk drinking.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026Article
- Reciprocal associations between adolescent extracurricular activity availability and engagement and alcohol-related cognitions and norms: Moderation by socioeconomic status.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Article
- Comparing behavioral economic and internalizing symptom predictors of drinking trajectories over 3 years during emerging adulthood.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Article
- The developmental trajectories of phubbing in Chinese adolescents: a variable-centered and person-centered perspective.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Preferences and predictors driving opioid-involved polysubstance use profiles and trajectories: a prospective cohort study protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Utility of substance-free alternatives in treating and preventing harmful substance use: A narrative review of the translational research spectrum.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- Diagnostic validity of alcohol demand and monetary delay discounting in relation to alcohol use disorder.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2025Article
- Ambulatory assessment to advance the science of nondrug reward in addiction and recovery.Addiction research & theory · 2025Article
- Daily profiles of nondrug reward and their association with daily outcomes for people in recovery from opioid use disorder: An application of latent profile analysis applied to intensive longitudinal data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Assessment of contextualized reinforcement pathology in a community sample of young adult substance users.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- The seven deadly sins: measuring overvaluation of social media with the Plan-net 25 scale.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Community characteristics and substance-free activity and service access predict membership in alcohol use disorder risk profiles.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Article
- Substance use negatively impacts change in reinforcement during the year following substance use treatment.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Article
- The Role of Alcohol Expectancies in the Association Between Behavioral Economic Alcohol Demand, Relative Reinforcement, and Alcohol Problems.Journal of drug education · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A robust body of theoretical and experimental work highlights the influence of alternative, substance-free rewards on decisions to use alcohol and other drugs. However, translational applications have been limited in part by the lack of consensus on how to measure substance-free reinforcement in applied and clinical settings. The current study summarizes extant research utilizing self-report reinforcement or reward methodologies, and critically reviews the psychometric properties of the available measures. These studies (N = 50) fell into three categories: measures of recent substance-related and substance-free activity participation and enjoyment (n = 32), measures of time or monetary resource allocation (n = 15), and rating scale measures of reward availability and experience (n = 8). The available research suggests that, consistent with experimental laboratory research and with behavioral economic predictions, there is an inverse relation between substance-free reinforcement and substance use. These studies also support the clinical utility of these measures in predicting substance use severity and course. Reinforcement measures could be improved by enhancing content validity, multimethod convergent validity, and generalizability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.