SynthesisDrugs2019
Efficacy and Safety of Mipomersen: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
Synthesis in Drugs, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global scientific trends in hypercholesterolemia research from 2003 to 2023: a data-driven bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Circulating Levels of Lipoprotein (a): A Meta-analysis.BioMed research international · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Armolipid PlusNutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Bempedoic Acid on Serum Uric Acid and Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the available Phase 2 and Phase 3 Clinical Studies.Drug safety · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Volanesorsen (ISIS 304801): the Evidence from Phase 2 and 3 Clinical Trials.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2020Pooled it
- A whole-animal phenotypic drug screen identifies suppressors of atherogenic lipoproteins.eLife · 2026Article
- Targeting PCSK9, APOB, and CETP at the Transcriptome Level by hsa-miR-30b-3p Reduces LDL-Associated Protein in Huh-7 Cells.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Lipoprotein(a): structural basis, bidirectional risk, and therapeutic frontiers.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of lipoprotein(a)-targeted therapeutics: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Advances in Non-statin Lipid Therapies: A Narrative Review of Evolving Strategies for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2026Review
- Research advances in current drugs targeting hyperlipidemia (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Innovative Lipid-Lowering Strategies: RNA-Based, Small Molecule, and Protein-Based Therapies.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Liver Transplantation in a Child With Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Case Report and Literature Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- RNA therapeutics in kidney diseases: prospects and current status.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- Achieving More Optimal Lipid Control with Non-Statin Lipid Lowering Therapy.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Lipid-lowering drug targets associated with risk of respiratory disease: a Mendelian randomization study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Molecular Regulation and Therapeutic Targeting of VLDL Production in Cardiometabolic Disease.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Review
- Precision cardiovascular medicine: shifting the innovation paradigm.Frontiers in science · 2025Article
- A comprehensive framework for managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: analyzing novel risk factors and advances in nanotechnology-based treatments and diagnosis.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of Action of the US Food and Drug Administration-Approved Antisense Oligonucleotide Drugs.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2024Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimOur aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of mipomersen through a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of the available clinical studies.
methodsA systematic literature search in SCOPUS, PubMed Medline, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar databases was conducted up to January 20, 2019, in order to identify clinical trials assessing the effect of mipomersen on lipoproteins, and the safety profile of mipomersen. Effect sizes for lipid changes were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). For safety analysis, odd ratios (OR) and 95% CI were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Data were pooled from 13 clinical studies comprising 49 arms, which included 1053 subjects overall, with 729 in the active-treated arm and 324 in the control arm.
resultsMeta-analysis of data suggested that mipomersen significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD - 1.52, 95% CI - 1.85 to - 1.19; p < 0.001), total cholesterol (WMD - 1.55, 95% CI - 1.97 to - 1.13; p < 0.001), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (WMD - 1.66, 95% CI - 2.06 to - 1.27; p < 0.001), lipoprotein(a) (WMD - 0.99, 95% CI - 1.37 to - 0.62; p < 0.001), apolipoprotein B (WMD - 1.66, 95% CI - 2.04 to - 1.27; p < 0.001), triglycerides (WMD -0.61, 95% CI - 0.76 to - 0.46, p < 0.001), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD - 0.58, 95% CI - 0.73 to - 0.43; p < 0.001) and apolipoprotein A-I (WMD - 0.25, 95% CI - 0.51 to - 0.001; p = 0.049) without affecting HDL-C levels (WMD 0.11, 95% CI - 0.03 to 0.26; p = 0.124). However, treatment with mipomersen was positively associated with an increased risk of discontinuation of treatment (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.96-4.65; p < 0.001), injection-site reaction (OR 11.41, 95% CI 7.88-16.52; p < 0.001), hepatic steatosis (OR 4.96, 95% CI 1.99-12.39; p = 0.001), hepatic enzymes elevation (OR 3.61, 95% CI 2.09-6.24; p < 0.001) and flu-like symptoms (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.45-2.81; p < 0.001).
conclusionDespite favourable effects on the lipid profile, some concerns are reinforced from the safety profile. As a matter of fact, mipomersen therapy is more likely discontinued and associated with increased risk of injection-site reactions, hepatic steatosis, hepatic enzyme elevation, and flu-like symptoms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.