ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2019
Economic Downturns and Inequities in Birth Outcomes: Evidence From 149 Million US Births.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Local Labor Market Conditions at Birth on Later Life Health and Health Behaviors.Social science research · 2025Article
- Early life exposure to economic shocks and association with childhood malnutrition: a pooled analysis of 230 nationwide surveys from 68 low-income and middle-income countries.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Article
- Modeling the Likelihood of Low Birth Weight: Findings from a Chicago-Area Health System.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- The Unequal Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Infant Health.Demography · 2022Article
- Job loss and fetal growth restriction: identification of critical trimesters of exposure.Annals of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Mortality during Resource Booms and Busts.Journal of environmental economics and management · 2022Article
- Effects of extreme temperature on the risk of preterm birth in China: A population-based multi-center cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Birth outcomes following unexpected job loss: a matched-sibling design.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Highly public anti-Black violence and preterm birth odds for Black and White mothers.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- African American Unemployment and the Disparity in Periviable Births.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022Article
- Does a Rising Median Income Lift All Birth Weights? County Median Income Changes and Low Birth Weight Rates Among Births to Black and White Mothers.The Milbank quarterly · 2022Article
- Poverty after Birth: How Mothers Experience and Navigate U.S. Safety Net Programs to Address Family Needs.Journal of child and family studies · 2022Article
- Social Adaptability Index and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Diabetes During Pregnancy.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2021Article
- Trends in infants born at low birthweight and disparities by maternal race and education from 2003 to 2018 in the United States.BMC public health · 2021Article
- The Great Recession and adverse birth outcomes: Evidence from California, USA.SSM - population health · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Using birth certificate data for nearly all registered US births from 1976 to 2016 and monthly data on state unemployment rates, we reexamined the link between macroeconomic variation and birth outcomes. We hypothesized that economic downturns reduce exposure to work-related stressors and pollution while increasing exposure to socioeconomic stressors like job loss. Because of preexisting inequalities in health and other resources, we expected that less-educated mothers and black mothers would be more exposed to macroeconomic variation. Using fixed-effect regression models, we found that a 1-percentage-point increase in state unemployment during the first trimester of pregnancy increased the probability of preterm birth by 0.1 percentage points, while increases in the state unemployment rate during the second/third trimester reduced the probability of preterm birth by 0.06 percentage points. During the period encompassing the Great Recession, the magnitude of these associations doubled in size. We found substantial variation in the impact of economic conditions across different groups, with highly educated white women least affected and less-educated black women most affected. The results highlight the increased relevance of economic conditions for birth outcomes and population health as well as continuing, large inequities in the exposure and impact of macroeconomic fluctuations on birth outcomes.
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Registered trials
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