ArticleLeukemia2019
Metformin inhibits IL-6 signaling by decreasing IL-6R expression on multiple myeloma cells.
Article in Leukemia, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mortality Risk of Antidiabetic Agents for Type 2 Diabetes With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Metformin and risk of hematological cancers in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of Saudi medicinePooled it
- Bone marrow SUVmax onImmunologic research · 2026Article
- A nested case-control study of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in the Multiethnic Cohort study.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Diabetes mellitus in multiple myeloma and related plasma cell disorders: a review of risk, prognosis, and outcomes.Blood cancer journal · 2026Review
- Imeglimin Exerts Anti-Tumor Activity in Multiple Myeloma Through Affecting Energy Metabolism and Downregulating IL-16 Expression.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- The central role of IL-6 in the differential effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and metformin across multiple health conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Macrophage and IL-6 signaling modulate multiple myeloma progression and response to metformin and CAR-T cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dual-Action Tocilizumab-Conjugated Cisplatin Nanoparticles Overcome Chemoresistance and Metastasis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Visfatin promotes multiple myeloma cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by inducing IL-6 production via NF-κB pathways.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Metformin induces apoptosis in pituitary-derived folliculostellate cells via the IL-6/ERK pathway.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Intravitreal Metformin Protects Against Choroidal Neovascularization and Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Discovering Potential in Non-Cancer Medications: A Promising Breakthrough for Multiple Myeloma Patients.Cancers · 2024Review
- View on Metformin: Antidiabetic and Pleiotropic Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Side Effects, and Sex-Related Differences.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- CLCF1 inhibits energy expenditure via suppressing brown fat thermogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases as Two Sides of Chronic Inflammation and the Method of Therapy.Current cancer drug targets · 2024Review
- It is worth the weight: obesity and the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma.Blood advances · 2023Review
- Action Mechanism of Metformin and Its Application in Hematological Malignancy Treatments: A Review.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The potential link between Covid-19 and multiple myeloma: A new saga.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
IL-6 signaling plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including multiple myeloma, primary amyloidosis, cytokine release syndrome and other inflammatory conditions. It is central for the growth and survival of malignant plasma cells. IL-6R and IL-6ST receptors transduce IL-6 signaling. Molecular mechanisms regulating expression of IL-6R are not well understood and current therapies are based on monoclonal antibody to target IL-6 signaling. Small molecule inhibitors targeting IL-6 signaling are highly desirable. Metformin specifically decreased IL-6R expression which is mediated via AMPK, mTOR, and miR34a. This is a novel finding and adds to existing therapies targeting IL-6 signaling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.