ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
IL-36 Cytokines: Regulators of Inflammatory Responses and Their Emerging Role in Immunology of Reproduction.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Interleukin-33 with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2025Pooled it
- High Expression of IL-36γ in Influenza Patients Regulates Interferon Signaling Pathway and Causes Programmed Cell Death During Influenza Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Elevated interleukin-36γ and gene polymorphisms implicate novel risk in essential hypertension.Immunogenetics · 2026Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The IL-36 Cytokine Rheostat: Hierarchical Regulation of Epithelial-Immune Crosstalk and Precision Therapy in Psoriatic and Related Dermatoses.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Review
- Considerations for Treating Generalized Pustular Psoriasis (GPP): A Narrative Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Review
- Immunodynamic Disruption in Sepsis: Mechanisms and Strategies for Personalized Immunomodulation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Unveiling Oral Health Impacts of Vaping in African Americans through Untargeted Metabolomics and Proteomics.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Targeting the STAT3/IL-36G signaling pathway can be a promising approach to treat rosacea.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Review
- Transcriptome Analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Early Gene Expression in Human Gingival Keratinocytes.Journal of periodontal research · 2025Article
- Considerations for defining and diagnosing generalized pustular psoriasis.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025Review
- Oxidative Stress and Generalised Pustular Psoriasis: Report of d-ROM Measurements in Nine Cases Including Three of Pustular Psoriasis of Pregnancy.Experimental dermatology · 2025Article
- Article
- IL-36RN gene: key insights into its role in pediatric pustular psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- IL-36/IL-36R signaling promotes CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Development of engineered IL-36γ-hypersecreting Lactococcus lactis to improve the intestinal environment.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2024Article
- Card9 and MyD88 differentially regulate Th17 immunity to the commensal yeastbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Inflammation accelerating intestinal fibrosis: from mechanism to clinic.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The IL-36 subfamily of cytokines has been recently described as part of the IL-1 superfamily. It comprises three pro-inflammatory agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ), their receptor (IL-36R), and one antagonist (IL-36Ra). Although expressed in a variety of cells, the biological relevance of IL-36 cytokines is most evident in the communication between epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, which constitute the common triad responsible for the initiation, maintenance, and expansion of inflammation. The immunological role of IL-36 cytokines was initially described in studies of psoriasis, but novel evidence demonstrates their involvement in further immune and inflammatory processes in physiological and pathological situations. Preliminary studies have reported a dynamic expression of IL-36 cytokines in the female reproductive tract throughout the menstrual cycle, as well as their association with the production of immune mediators and cellular recruitment in the vaginal microenvironment contributing to host defense. In pregnancy, alteration of the placental IL-36 axis has been reported upon infection and pre-eclampsia suggesting its pivotal role in the regulation of maternal immune responses. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the regulatory mechanisms and biological actions of IL-36 cytokines, their participation in different inflammatory conditions, and the emerging data on their potential role in normal and complicated pregnancies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.