ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2019
K Index is a Reliable Marker of Intrathecal Synthesis, and an Alternative to IgG Index in Multiple Sclerosis Diagnostic Work-Up.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Pooled it
- The Use of Kappa Free Light Chains to Diagnose Multiple Sclerosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Biomarkers of Intrathecal Synthesis May Be Associated with Cognitive Impairment at MS Diagnosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Intrathecal Synthesis of Immunoglobulins: A Review about the Contribution of OCBs and K-index.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Molecular Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Practical Guide to Their Appropriate Use and Interpretation in Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A dynamic interpretation of κFLC index for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a change of perspective.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: A consensus statement.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- Establishing the best combination of the kappa free light chain index and oligoclonal bands for an accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains as biomarker in multiple sclerosis-from diagnosis to prediction of disease activity.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2022Review
- [Usefulness of the kappa index in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and validation of reference values in the Community of Aragon].Revista de neurologia · 2022Observational
- Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognitive functions at multiple sclerosis diagnosis.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Inter-Laboratory Concordance of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Kappa Free Light Chain Measurements.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- The Role of Tau beyond Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Review
- Kappa-Free Light Chains in CSF Predict Early Multiple Sclerosis Disease Activity.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- The Correlation Among the Immunoglobulin G Synthesis Rate, IgG Index and Albumin Quotient in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Intrathecal kappa free light chains as markers for multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The K free light chain (K) index has been suggested as a reliable marker of intrathecal synthesis,despite the 2017 McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) suggesting to "interpret with caution positiveimmunoglobulin G (IgG) index when testing for oligoclonal bands (OB) is negative or not performed". Theaim of this study was to compare the performance of K and IgG indexes for MS diagnosis and OB detectionin a cohort of Italian patients. We enrolled 385 patients (127 MS, 258 non-MS) who had cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) analysis, including isoelectric focusing (IEF), to detect OB in the diagnostic work-up. Albumin, IgGand free light chains were measured by nephelometry and used to calculate IgG and K indexes. Althoughthe two markers were highly related (r = 0.75, r2 = 0.55, p < 0.0001), the K index showed greater sensitivity andnegative predictive value (versus the IgG index) for OB detection (97% versus 48% and 97% versus 71%) andMS diagnosis (96% versus 50% and 98% versus 78%). These results support K index (and not IgG index) as afirst-line marker for MS, followed by IEF, according to a sequential testing approach in CSF analysis.
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