Trial reportContemporary clinical trials2019
Extended-release vs. oral naltrexone for alcohol dependence treatment in primary care (XON).
Trial report in Contemporary clinical trials, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Extended-release naltrexone versus oral naltrexone for substance use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Pooled it
- A Membrane-Centric Plasma Lipidomic Signature of Response to Long-Acting Naltrexone in Alcohol Use Disorder.Addiction biology · 2026Trial
- A New Strategy for Obesity Treatment: Revealing the Frontiers of Anti-obesity Medications.Current molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Design and Characterization of Chitosan-Based Smart Injectable Hydrogel for Improved Sustained Release of Antinarcotics.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Roles of Endogenous D2R Dopamine and μ-opioid Receptors of the Brain in Alcohol use Disorder.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- The Current State of Alcohol Screening and Management in Virginia Primary Care Practices: An Evaluation of Preventive Service Use.The Medical clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Overcoming barriers to patient adherence: the case for developing innovative drug delivery systems.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2023Review
- Monitoring and Improving Naltrexone Adherence in Patients with Substance Use Disorder.Patient preference and adherence · 2021Review
- Pharmacotherapeutic management of co-morbid alcohol and opioid use.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2020Review
- Availability of Medications for the Treatment of Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorder in the USA.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExtended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX, Vivitrol®) and daily oral naltrexone tablets (O-NTX) are FDA-approved mu opioid receptor antagonist medications for alcohol dependence treatment. Despite the efficacy of O-NTX, non-adherence and poor treatment retention have limited its adoption into primary care. XR-NTX is a once-a-month injectable formulation that offers a potentially more effective treatment option in reducing alcohol consumption and heavy drinking episodes among persons with alcohol use disorders.
methodsThis pragmatic, open-label, randomized controlled trial examines the effectiveness of XR-NTX vs. O-NTX in producing a Good Clinical Outcome, defined as abstinence or moderate drinking (<2 drinks/day, men; <1 drink/day, women; and < 2 heavy drinking occasions/month) during the final 20 of 24 weeks of primary care-based Medical Management treatment for alcohol dependence. Secondary aims will estimate the cost effectiveness of XR-NTX vs. O-NTX, in conjunction with primary-care based Medical Management for both groups, and patient-level characteristics associated with effectiveness in both arms. Alcohol dependent persons are recruited from the community into treatment in a New York City public hospital primary care setting (Bellevue Hospital Center) for 24 weeks of either XR-NTX (n = 117) or O-NTX (n = 120).
resultsWe describe the rationale, specific aims, design, and recruitment results to date. Alternative design considerations and secondary aims and outcomes are reported.
conclusionsXR-NTX treatment in a primary care setting is potentially more efficacious, feasible, and cost-effective than oral naltrexone when treating community-dwelling persons with alcohol use disorders. This study will estimate XR-NTX's treatment and cost effectiveness relative to oral naltrexone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.