Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2019
Improved feeding tolerance and growth are linked to increased gut microbial community diversity in very-low-birth-weight infants fed mother's own milk compared with donor breast milk.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intestinal Microbiota and Short Term Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Fed Primarily Donor Human Milk Compared to Infants Fed Primarily Mother's Own Milk
Antenatal Breastmilk Expression From Week 34 of Gestation Safety in Pregnancy and Benefits for the Newborn Infant: A Pilot Randomized Study
Feeding Intolerance in Preterm Infant ,Rate of Occurrences, Risk Factors , Outcomes
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and death in preterm infants: a meta-analysis of RCTs.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Determinants of the Very Low-Birth-Weight Infant's Intestinal Microbiome: A Systematic Review.The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursingPooled it
- Source of human milk (mother or donor) is more important than fortifier type (human or bovine) in shaping the preterm infant microbiome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Trial
- Factors Associated With the Microbiome in Moderate-Late Preterm Babies: A Cohort Study From the DIAMOND Randomized Controlled Trial.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Trial
- An investigation into the status of human milk feeding in very low birth weight infants: a multicenter study.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Observational
- Progressive microbial alterations in the human gut and lung across early life: implications for translational medicine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Early supplementation with live combinedFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Observational
- Ultraviolet-C Treatment Better Preserves the Proteomic Profile of Donor Human Milk than Holder Pasteurization.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- Effects of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy BMI on Preterm Infant Microbiome and Fecal Fermentation Profile-A Preliminary Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Impact of mother's own milkMicrobiome research reports · 2025Review
- Changes in the intestinal microbiome of the preterm baby associated with stopping non-invasive pressure support: a prospective cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Diet at birth is critical for healthy growth, independent of effects on the gut microbiota.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Human Milk-Derived Fortifier to Reduce Hospital-Acquired Malnutrition in Uncomplicated Gastroschisis: A Case Report.AJP reports · 2024Article
- Human milk cream alters intestinal microbiome of preterm infants: a prospective cohort study.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Influence of infant microbiome on health and development.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- The association of different types of human milk with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Differences in the intestinal microbiota and association of host metabolism with hair coat status in cattle.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements.International journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Metabolomics in NEC: An Updated Review.Metabolites · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMother's own milk (MOM) is protective against gut microbiota alterations associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and feeding intolerance among preterm infants. It is unclear whether this benefit is preserved with donor milk (DM) feeding.
objectiveWe aimed to compare microbiota development, growth, and feeding tolerance in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants fed an exclusively human milk diet of primarily MOM or DM.
methodsOne hundred and twenty-five VLBW infants born at Texas Children's Hospital were enrolled and grouped into cohorts based on percentage of MOM and DM in enteral feeds. Feeds were fortified with DM-derived fortifier per unit protocol. Weekly stool samples were collected for 6 wk for microbiota analysis [16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing]. A research nurse obtained weekly anthropometrics. Clinical outcomes were compared via Wilcoxon's rank-sum test and Fisher's exact test, as well as multivariate analysis.
resultsThe DM cohort (n = 43) received on average 14% mothers' milk compared with 91% for the MOM cohort (n = 74). Diversity of gut microbiota across all time points (n = 546) combined was increased in MOM infants (P < 0.001). By 4 and 6 wk of life, microbiota in MOM infants contained increased abundance of Bifidobacterium (P = 0.02) and Bacteroides (P = 0.04), whereas DM-fed infants had increased abundance of Staphylococcus (P = 0.02). MOM-fed infants experienced a 60% reduction in feeding intolerance (P = 0.03 by multivariate analysis) compared with DM-fed infants. MOM-fed infants had greater weight gain than DM-fed infants.
conclusionsCompared with DM-fed infants, MOM-fed infants have increased gut microbial community diversity at the phylum and genus levels by 4 and 6 wk of life, as well as better feeding tolerance. MOM-fed infants had superior growth. The incidence of NEC and other gastrointestinal morbidity is low among VLBW infants fed an exclusively human milk diet including DM-derived fortifier. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02573779.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.