ArticleBritish journal of anaesthesia2019
Patterns of neuropsychological changes after general anaesthesia in young children: secondary analysis of the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids study.
Article in British journal of anaesthesia, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of General Anesthesia on Brain Functional Connectivity and Cognition in Children With Potential Neurological Damage
Long-term Effect of General Anesthesia Before School Age on Neurodevelopment in Children With Congenital Scoliosis
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dexmedetomidine Mitigates Sevoflurane-Induced Neurodevelopmental Effects in Paediatric Anaesthesia: A Meta-Analysis and Preclinical Study.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Anesthetic Exposure During Childhood and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- General anesthesia in children and long-term neurodevelopmental deficits: A systematic review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term neurodevelopment in children born with esophageal atresia: a systematic review.Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus · 2021Pooled it
- [Interpretation of Standard on Clinical Dental Treatment for Children under General Anesthesia Orsedation].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2025Article
- Intraoperative blood pressure considerations in pediatric anesthesia.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Review
- The Relationship between Early Exposure to General Anesthesia and Neurobehavioral Deficits.Developmental neuroscience · 2025Review
- Microglial EPOR Contribute to Sevoflurane-induced Developmental Fine Motor Deficits Through Synaptic Pruning in Mice.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- Pediatric Anesthesia Exposure: Decoding Its Neurodevelopmental Implications and Navigating the Nuances.Cureus · 2024Review
- Neurobehavioral effects of general anesthesia and cochlear implantation on hearing-impaired infants: A prospective observational cohort study.Brain and behavior · 2023Observational
- Effects of Early Exposure to Isoflurane on Susceptibility to Chronic Pain Are Mediated by Increased Neural Activity Due to Actions of the Mammalian Target of the Rapamycin Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Long-term neurocognitive outcomes after pediatric intensive care: exploring the role of drug exposure.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Multiple General Anesthesia in Children: A Systematic Review of Its Effect on Neurodevelopment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Anesthesia outcomes in lysosomal disorders: CLN3 and GM1 gangliosidosis.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2023Article
- Controversies in anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity.Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology · 2023Review
- A bibliometric analysis of the neurotoxicity of anesthesia in the developing brain from 2002 to 2021.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Effects of multiple exposures to general anesthesia on the sleep quality of children after plastic surgery in Beijing, China: a cohort study.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2022Article
- Article
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- Percutaneous Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus.Clinics in perinatology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe hypothesised that exposure to multiple, but not single, procedures requiring general anaesthesia before age 3 yr is associated with a specific pattern of deficits in processing speed and fine motor skills.
methodsA secondary analysis (using factor and cluster analyses) of data from the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids study was conducted, in which unexposed, singly exposed, and multiply exposed children born in Olmsted County, MN, USA from 1994 to 2007 were sampled using a propensity-guided approach and underwent neuropsychological testing at ages 8-12 or 15-20 yr.
resultsIn the factor analysis, the data were well fit to a five factor model. For subjects multiply (but not singly) exposed to anaesthesia, a factor reflecting motor skills, visual-motor integration, and processing speed was significantly lower [standardised difference of -0.35 (95% confidence interval {CI} -0.57 to -0.13)] compared with unexposed subjects. No other factor was associated with exposure. Three groups were identified in the cluster analysis, with 106 subjects (10.6%) in Cluster A (lowest performance in most tests), 557 (55.9%) in Cluster B, and 334 (33.5%) in Cluster C (highest performance in most tests). The odds of multiply exposed children belonging to Cluster A was 2.83 (95% CI: 1.49-5.35; P=0.001) compared with belonging to Cluster B; there was no other significant association between exposure status and cluster membership.
conclusionsMultiple, but not single, exposures to procedures requiring general anaesthesia before age 3 yr are associated with a specific pattern of deficits in neuropsychological tests. Factors predicting which children develop the most pronounced deficits remain unknown.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.