ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2019
Sex estimation using external morphology of the frontal bone and frontal sinuses in a contemporary Czech population.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reliability of gender determination from paranasal sinuses and its application in forensic identification-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2023Pooled it
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Auricular Morphometry in Sex Estimation: A Logistic Regression Model with ROC-Based Validation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Automated skull orientation classification in Thai population using CNN-based transfer learning.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- A morphological analysis of the modern human frontal bone from Hahnöfersand, Germany.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sex classification using exocranial surfaces in a multi-population sample.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Sex estimation through the lens of cross-sectional geometric properties of the ulna.Forensic sciences research · 2025Article
- Morphometric and volumetric analysis of the frontal sinus in a brazilian population using cone beam computed tomography: a forensic approach for sex, age and facial morphology determination.The Journal of forensic odonto-stomatology · 2025Article
- Sex determination based on features of the craniofacial bones in a sample of the central Chinese population using cone beam computed tomography.Forensic sciences research · 2025Article
- Geometric morphometrics approach for classifying children's nutritional status on out of sample data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Geographic and sex differences in the 3D configuration of the human parietal bone.Anthropological science : journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon = Jinruigaku zasshi · 2025Article
- Sex Determination via the Second Cervical Vertebra and Odontoid Process: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The influence of biological relatedness on sexual dimorphism and sex classification based on external morphology of the frontal bone.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Sex estimation techniques based on skulls in forensic anthropology: A scoping review.PloS one · 2024Article
- Mapping sexual dimorphism signal in the human cranium.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Comparative study of cranial measurements between sexes from Brazil and The Netherlands: A cone-beam computed tomography study.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Machine learning and discriminant function analysis in the formulation of generic models for sex prediction using patella measurements.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
- Sexual dimorphism in shape and size of the neurocranium.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- Frontal sinuses and human evolution.Science advances · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sex estimation is a task of utmost importance in forensic anthropology and bioarcheology. Along with the pelvic bone, the skull is the most important source of sexual dimorphism. On the human skull, the upper third of the face (i.e., the frontal bone) is one of the most significant sexually dimorphic structures useful in anthropological research, especially when studied by methods of virtual anthropology. This study was focused on sex estimation using the form and shape of the external surface of the frontal bone with or without the inclusion of its sinuses. The study sample consisted of 103 cranial CT images from a contemporary Czech population. Three-dimensional virtual models of the frontal bones and sinuses were analyzed using geometric morphometrics and multidimensional statistics: coherent point drift-dense correspondence analysis (CPD-DCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and support vector machine (SVM). The whole external frontal surface was significantly different between males and females both in form and shape. The greatest total success rate of sex estimation based on form was 93.2%, which decreased to 86.41% after crossvalidation, and this model identified females and males with the same accuracy. The best estimation based on shape reached a success rate of 91.26%, with slightly greater accuracy for females. After crossvalidation, however, the success rate decreased to 83.49%. The differences between sexes were significant also in the volume and surface of the frontal sinuses, but the sex estimation had only 64.07% accuracy after crossvalidation. Simultaneous use of the shape of the frontal surface and the frontal sinuses improved the total success rate to 98.05%, which decreased to 84.46% after crossvalidation.
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