Observational studyPsychopharmacology2019
A single inhalation of vapor from dried toad secretion containing 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) in a naturalistic setting is related to sustained enhancement of satisfaction with life, mindfulness-related capacities, and a decrement of psychopathological symptoms.
Observational study in Psychopharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05698095 (A Phase 1, First-in-human, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single- and Multiple-ascending-dose Study to Determine the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), which is not on this map. Cited by 77 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 1, First-in-human, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single- and Multiple-ascending-dose Study to Determine the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) Administered by Intramuscular Injection in Healthy Subjects
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of therapeutic response to psychedelic-assisted therapy: A systematic review.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Cognitive functioning associated with acute and subacute effects of classic psychedelics and MDMA - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Nonordinary Experiences, Well-being and Mental Health: A Systematic Review of the Evidence and Recommendations for Future Research.Journal of religion and health · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and tolerability of multiple sublingual microdoses of 5-MeO-DMT in adults with moderate symptoms of depression and/or anxiety: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Phase 1, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose trial to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and effect on altered states of consciousness of intranasal BPL-003 (5-methoxy-Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Trial
- Psychological flexibility as a mechanism of change in psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depression: results from an exploratory placebo-controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Spontaneous and deliberate creative cognition during and after psilocybin exposure.Translational psychiatry · 2021Trial
- A low dose of lysergic acid diethylamide decreases pain perception in healthy volunteers.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Trial
- Me, myself, bye: regional alterations in glutamate and the experience of ego dissolution with psilocybin.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Chaplains in Psychedelic Assisted Therapy: Rationale and Competencies.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- Exploring the benefits of altered states of consciousness and reduced experiential avoidance for mental well-being: insights from a global study on high ventilation breathwork.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Embracing change: impermanence acceptance mediates differences in death processing between long-term ayahuasca users and non-users.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- 5-MeO-DMT: An atypical psychedelic with unique pharmacology, phenomenology & risk?Psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Minorities' Diminished Psychedelic Returns: Income and Educations Impact on Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- A prospective ecological momentary assessment study of an ayahuasca retreat: exploring the salutary impact of acute psychedelic experiences on subacute affect and mindfulness skills in daily life.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological patterns and therapeutic approaches of toad toxin poisoning in a retrospective case study.Scientific reports · 2025Review
- Contextual and experiential aspects of the psychedelic experience predicting improvement in subjective wellbeing: results from a Norwegian internet convenience sample.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Neurobiological substrates of altered states of consciousness induced by high ventilation breathwork accompanied by music.PloS one · 2025Article
- Diet and chemical defenses of the Sonoran Desert toad.PloS one · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the peak experience scale as a rapid assessment tool for the strength of a psychoactive experience with 5-MeO-DMT.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (hereinafter referred to as 5-MeO-DMT) is a psychedelic substance found in the secretion from the parotoid glands of the Bufo alvarius toad. Inhalation of vapor from toad secretion containing 5-MeO-DMT has become popular in naturalistic settings as a treatment of mental health problems or as a means for spiritual exploration. However, knowledge of the effects of 5-MeO-DMT in humans is limited.
aimsThe first objective of this study was to assess sub-acute and long-term effects of inhaling vapor from dried toad secretion containing 5-MeO-DMT on affect and cognition. The second objective was to assess whether any changes were associated with the psychedelic experience.
methodsAssessments at baseline, within 24 h and 4 weeks following intake, were made in 42 individuals who inhaled vapor from dried toad secretion at several European locations.
resultsRelative to baseline, ratings of satisfaction with life and convergent thinking significantly increased right after intake and were maintained at follow-up 4 weeks later. Ratings of mindfulness also increased over time and reached statistical significance at 4 weeks. Ratings of depression, anxiety, and stress decreased after the session, and reached significance at 4 weeks. Participants that experienced high levels of ego dissolution or oceanic boundlessness during the session displayed higher ratings of satisfaction with life and lower ratings of depression and stress.
conclusionA single inhalation of vapor from dried toad secretion containing 5-MeO-DMT produces sub-acute and long-term changes in affect and cognition in volunteers. These results warrant exploratory research into therapeutic applications of 5-MeO-DMT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.