ReviewSeminars in perinatology2019
Challenges in classification and assignment of causes of stillbirths in low- and lower middle-income countries.
Review in Seminars in perinatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Neonatal Resuscitation Training Programs, Implementation, and Scale-Up in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Neonatology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence, risk factors and adverse outcomes of intrapartum related asphyxia amongst newborns from mothers with low-risk deliveries in peri-urban Gambian health facilities: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Compartment-specific soluble immune profiles associated with preterm birth, perinatal death, and low birthweight in pregnant individuals living with HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Maternal Nativity and Residence in US Territories and Preterm Birth.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Article
- Reduction of stillbirth rate in refugee and migrant populations living on the Thailand Myanmar border: A retrospective study 1986-2023.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- A systematic review of maternal and perinatal health outcomes in the context of epidemic threats: towards the development of a core outcome set.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2025Review
- Facilitators and barriers to implementing and sustaining facility-based stillbirth reviews in India: a qualitative study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Improving the Documentation of Causes of Death Certificates Based on the International Classification of Diseases Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM): The Impact of a Mixed Method Approach.Health science reports · 2025Article
- A meta-core outcome set for stillbirth prevention and bereavement care following stillbirth in LMIC.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Evaluating the accuracy of International Classification of Disease Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) codes assigned on death certificates before and after expert panel review: a mixed methods observational study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Observational
- District health management and stillbirth recording and reporting: a qualitative study in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Comparison of causes of stillbirth and child deaths as determined by verbal autopsy and minimally invasive tissue sampling.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Association of maternal, obstetric, fetal, and neonatal mortality outcomes with Lady Health Worker coverage from a cross-sectional survey of >10,000 households in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Maternal interventions to decrease stillbirths and neonatal mortality in Tanzania: evidence from the 2017-18 cross-sectional Tanzania verbal and social autopsy study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- The Persisting Value of Autopsies on Extremely Preterm Infants in the 21Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2023Article
- Provider-mother interactions are associated with birth outcome misclassifications in household surveys: A case-control study in Guinea-Bissau.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- Pregnancy and diabetic ketoacidosis: fetal jeopardy and windows of opportunity.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2023Article
- Article
- The causes of stillbirths in south Asia: results from a prospective study in India and Pakistan (PURPOSe).The Lancet. Global health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Stillbirths account for 2.6 million deaths annually. 98% occur in low- and lower middle-income countries. Accurate classification of stillbirths in low-resource settings is challenged by poor pregnancy dating and infrequent access to electronic heart rate monitoring for both the newborn and fetus. In these settings, liveborn infants may be misclassified as stillbirths, and stillbirths may be misclassified as miscarriages. Causation is available for only 3% of stillbirths globally due to the absence of registration systems. In low-resource settings where culture and autopsy are infrequently available, clinical course is used to assign cause of stillbirth. This method may miss rare or subtle causes, as well as those with non-specific clinical presentations. Verbal autopsy is another technique for assigning cause of stillbirth when objective medical data are limited. This method requires family engagement and physician attribution of cause. As interventions to reduce stillbirths in LMICs are increasingly implemented, attention to accurate classification and assignment of causes of stillbirth are critical to charting progress.
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Registered trials
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