ReviewFEMS microbiology reviews2019
Make and break the alarmone: regulation of (p)ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase enzymes in bacteria.
Review in FEMS microbiology reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial growth rate in populations and single cells.Nature microbiology · 2026Review
- MESH1 functions as a metazoan PAPS phosphatase to regulate sulfation.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- The (p)ppGpp Synthetase RelA Contributes to Virulence, Competition Capability and Antibiotic Resistance of Avian PathogenicMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Structural Basis of pppGpp Binding to the N-Terminal Domain of the Bifunctional RelA/SpoT Homolog RelInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Stress-induced iron-sulfur cluster damage as a conserved trigger of the bacterial stringent response.Nature communications · 2026Article
- NAD+ capping of sibD transcripts in E. coli is mediated by its minimal promoter and enhanced by ppGpp.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- The ppGpp-HpaR1-gum regulatory pathway modulates exopolysaccharides production in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Enzymatic activity of PBP1B is required for growth rate-independent ppGpp-mediated resistance to PBP2 inhibitors inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Species-level profiling ofPeerJ · 2026Article
- Tiny packages, big potential: bacterial membrane vesicles in vaccinology.Microbial cell factories · 2025Review
- Virulence arresting drug discovery by strategies targeting bacterial virulence: Mainly focusing on quorum-sensing interference and biofilm inhibition.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Megaplasmids associate withbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Bacterial alarmone (p)ppGpp mediates the pathogenicity ofmSystems · 2025Article
- Flipping the magic switch to persistence via GTP depletion.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Bacterial cellulose: Enhancing productivity and material properties through repeated harvest.Biofilm · 2025Article
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili (MTP) and heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin (HBHA) facilitate regulation of central carbon metabolism, enhancement of ATP synthesis and cell wall biosynthesis.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Adaptive evolutionary trajectories in complexity: Transitions between unicellularity and facultative differentiated multicellularity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Effect of Light Regime onJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- tRNA and tsRNA: From Heterogeneity to Multifaceted Regulators.Biomolecules · 2024Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacteria use dedicated mechanisms to respond adequately to fluctuating environments and to optimize their chances of survival in harsh conditions. One of the major stress responses used by virtually all bacteria relies on the sharp accumulation of an alarmone, the guanosine penta- or tetra-phosphate commonly referred to as (p)ppGpp. Under stressful conditions, essentially nutrient starvation, these second messengers completely reshape the metabolism and physiology by coordinately modulating growth, transcription, translation and cell cycle. As a central regulator of bacterial stress response, the alarmone is also involved in biofilm formation, virulence, antibiotics tolerance and resistance in many pathogenic bacteria. Intracellular concentrations of (p)ppGpp are determined by a highly conserved and widely distributed family of proteins called RelA-SpoT Homologs (RSH). Recently, several studies uncovering mechanisms that regulate RSH activities have renewed a strong interest in this field. In this review, we outline the diversity of the RSH protein family as well as the molecular devices used by bacteria to integrate and transform environmental cues into intracellular (p)ppGpp levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.