ArticleNeurology2019
Evaluation of seizure treatment in anti-LGI1, anti-NMDAR, and anti-GABA
Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06515106 (Antibody-mediated LGI1 Encephalitis), which is not on this map. Cited by 124 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
24.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Antibody-mediated LGI1 Encephalitis: Symptoms, Biomarkers, and Mechanisms of the Chronic Phase of the Disease
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 254 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factors of early postoperative seizures in patients with glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of immunotherapy and prognosis in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients: A meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Seizure outcome-related factors in autoimmune encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Autoimmune LGI1/CASPR2 Epilepsy.Annals of neurology · 2020Trial
- Symptom evolution, persistence, and pharmacological management in paediatric NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Anti leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody-positive limbic encephalitis with evolving basal ganglia T1WI hyperintensity: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and clinical correlates of autoimmune and infection-related antibodies in unexplained seizures in western China.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Anti-Zic4- and Anti-NMDAR-Positive Patients and Their Correlation with Clinical Course and Image Diagnostic Findings-Case Reports.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Combination Versus Monotherapy in Acute Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: A Real-World Dose Optimization Analysis.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- WONOEP XVII appraisal: The immunopathogenesis of epilepsy.Epilepsia · 2026Review
- Characteristics of and risk factors for epilepsy after autoimmune and infectious encephalitis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Seizure characteristics and neurological outcomes in pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a cohort study from Southern China.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Epileptic spasms in the acute phase of pediatric anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Anti-GABA-B receptor encephalitis with refractory status epilepticus and favorable short-term recovery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Effects and Mechanisms of NMDAR-EphB2 on Synapses in Mice by Active Immunization with a GluN1 Peptide.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Risk of Epilepsy and Factors Associated With Time to Seizure Remission in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: Long-Term Outcome in 236 Patients.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Observational
- Clinical analysis of 73 children with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders manifesting with psychosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Autoimmune encephalitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Marienke A A M de BruijnFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Agnes van SonderenFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Marleen H van Coevorden-HameeteFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Anna E M BastiaansenFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Marco W J SchreursFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Rob P W RouhlFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Cees A van DonselaarFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Marian H J M MajoieFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Rinze F NeuteboomFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6136-4981
Peter A E Sillevis SmittFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Roland D ThijsFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Maarten J TitulaerFrom the Departments of Neurology (M.A.A.M.d.B., A.v.S., M.H.v.C.-H., A.E.M.B., P.A.E.S.S., M.J.T.), Immunology (M.W.J.S.), and Pediatric Neurology (R.F.N.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Haga Hospital (A.v.S.), the Hague; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R., M.H.J.M.M.), Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht; Department of Neurology (C.A.v.D.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (M.J.M.M.), Academic Center of Epileptology Kempenhaeghe; Sophia Children's Hospital (R.F.N.), Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nedederland (SEIN), Heemstede; and Department of Neurology (R.D.T.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands. m.titulaer@erasmusmc.nl.
Leiden University Medical Center · NL
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis nationwide cohort study evaluates seizure responses to immunotherapy and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1), anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR), and anti-gamma-aminobutyric-acid B receptor (GABA
methodsAnti-LGI1, anti-NMDAR, and anti-GABA
resultsOf 153 patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) (53 LGI1, 75 NMDAR, 25 GABA
conclusionEpilepsy after resolved encephalitis was rare in our cohort of patients with AIE treated with immunotherapy. In addition, seizure freedom is achieved faster and more frequently after immunotherapy. Therefore, AEDs should be considered as add-on treatment, and similar to treatment of other encephalitis symptoms, immunotherapy is crucial.
Indexed as
AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnticonvulsantsAnti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor EncephalitisChildEncephalitisFemaleHumansIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMaleMiddle AgedReceptors, GABASeizuresTreatment OutcomeAnticonvulsantsIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsLGI1 protein, humanReceptors, GABA
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT06515106ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.