ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2019
Altered cognitive function in systemic lupus erythematosus and associations with inflammation and functional and structural brain changes.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- The vascular endothelial growth factor as a candidate biomarker of systemic lupus erythematosus: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Association of Circulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels With Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Theory of mind, empathy, and alexithymia in adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus: associations with fatigue and internalizing symptoms.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Machine Learning for MRI Classification of Systemic Lupus Erythematous Patients with and without Neuropsychiatric Events.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Examining the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the Cognitive Functions of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Invisible battles: the disability paradox and workplace experiences of individuals with lupus.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Multimodal brain structural and functional analysis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients without overt neuropsychiatric manifestations: associations with disease duration, organ damage, and neurocognitive function.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Disrupted Structure-Function Integration in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Impact on Cognitive Flexibility.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Early-Onset Brain Atrophy: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cureus · 2025Article
- Diffuse neuropsychiatric lupus: Clinical evidence, immune-mediated mechanisms, and therapeutic insights.Seminars in immunology · 2025Review
- Deoxygenation Trends and Their Multivariate Association with Self-Reported Fatigue in Post-COVID Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Enlarged perivascular spaces under the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and severity of autism.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Altered medial temporal lobe subregion volumes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms.BMC rheumatology · 2025Article
- Myelin mapping in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-related fatigue: a TBSS-MTR study of integrity.BJR open · 2025Article
- Cognitive impairment in individuals with rheumatic diseases: the role of systemic inflammation, immunomodulatory medications, and comorbidities.The Lancet. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Animal models of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: deciphering the complexity and guiding therapeutic development.Autoimmunity · 2024Review
- Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric lupus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Topological structural characteristics in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without neuropsychiatric symptoms.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Article
- Brain fog in central disorders of hypersomnolence: a review.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Review
- Three cases of systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with ischemic stroke as the initial symptom: Case reports and literature review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesCognitive dysfunction (CD) is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but the cause remains unclear and treatment options are limited. We aimed to compare cognitive function in SLE and healthy controls (HCs) using both behavioural and neuroimaging techniques.
methodsPatients with SLE with stable disease and HCs were recruited. Clinical and psychological data were collected along with a blood sample for relevant biomarkers. Neurocognitive function was assessed using tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine brain responses to working memory (WM) and emotional processing (facial emotional recognition task, FERT) tasks.
resultsCompared with HCs (n=30), patients with SLE (n=36) scored higher on measures of depression, fatigue and had higher hsCRP (p=0.013), IL-6 (p=0.003) and B lymphocyte stimulator (p<0.001). Patients with SLE had poorer performance on a task of sustained attention (p=0.002) and had altered brain responses, particularly in default mode network (DMN) regions and the caudate, during the WM task. Higher organ damage and higher VCAM-1 were associated with less attenuation of the DMN (p=0.005 and p=0.01, respectively) and lower BOLD signal in the caudate areas (p=0.005 and p=0.001, respectively). Increased IL-6 was also associated with lower BOLD signal in caudate areas (p=0.032).
conclusionsSustained attention was impaired in patients with SLE. Poor attenuation of the DMN may contribute to cognitive impairments in SLE and our data suggest that in addition to mood and fatigue inflammatory mechanisms and organ damage impact cognitive functioning in SLE. The multifaceted nature of CD in SLE means any therapeutic interventions should be individually tailored.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.