ArticleNeurotoxicology2019
Latent subgroups of cognitive performance in lead- and manganese-exposed Uruguayan children: Examining behavioral signatures.
Article in Neurotoxicology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers of environmental manganese exposure and associations with childhood neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Pooled it
- Low-level arsenic exposure, childhood neighborhood disadvantage, and executive functions in adolescents from Montevideo, Uruguay.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Diet quality and blood lead levels in Uruguayan first graders.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- The relationship between lead levels and reading acquisition in Spanish speakers, evidence from Uruguayan schoolers.Neurotoxicology · 2024Article
- Article
- Effects of Blood Lead Levels <10 µg/dL in School-Age Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.Pediatrics · 2024Article
- Blood lead levels and math learning in first year of school: An association for concern.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Secular trends in blood lead concentrations of school-age children in Montevideo, Uruguay from 2009 to 2019.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Environmental Exposure Disparities and Neurodevelopmental Risk: a Review.Current environmental health reports · 2023Review
- Reducing the complexity of high-dimensional environmental data: An analytical framework using LASSO with considerations of confounding for statistical inference.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2023Article
- Pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Exposure, General Intellectual Abilities, and Executive Functions of School Children from Montevideo, Uruguay.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Exposure to metal mixtures and neuropsychological functioning in middle childhood.Neurotoxicology · 2022Article
- A mixed methods study examining neighborhood disadvantage and childhood behavior problems in Montevideo, Uruguay.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2021Article
- Lead exposure and indices of height and weight in Uruguayan urban school children, considering co-exposure to cadmium and arsenic, sex, iron status and dairy intake.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Proximity to sources of airborne lead is associated with reductions in Children's executive function in the first four years of life.Health & place · 2021Article
- (Ascorb)ing Pb Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Associations of metals and neurodevelopment: a review of recent evidence on susceptibility factors.Current epidemiology reports · 2020Article
- Catching flame retardants and pesticides in silicone wristbands: Evidence of exposure to current and legacy pollutants in Uruguayan children.The Science of the total environment · 2020Article
- Associations of concurrent PCB and PBDE serum concentrations with executive functioning in adolescents.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesLead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) are confirmed neurotoxins but it is unclear to what extent low-level exposure produces a unique behavioral signature. The objective of this study was to investigate latent cognitive profiles among children (6-8 years) from Montevideo, Uruguay co-exposed to these metals.
methodAmong 345 children, blood Pb and hair Mn were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy and ICP-MS, respectively. Sixteen measures, reflecting multiple domains of cognitive functioning were gathered: (1) three tests from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): Intra-Extra Dimensional Shift (IED), Spatial Span (SSP) and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC), (2) ten tasks from Woodcock-Muñoz Achievement Battery, Revised (WM): Visual-Motor Integration, Verbal Comprehension (Vocabulary, Synonyms, Antonyms, Analogies), Visual-Auditory Comprehension, Concept Formation, Visual Spatial Thinking, Number Inversion and Spatial Relations, (3) Bender Gestalt task, and (4) Weschler block design task. Scores were modeled using latent profile analysis (LPA). Association between blood Pb and hair Mn on performance profiles was assessed using ordinal regression, controlling for confounders. An interaction between Pb and Mn was tested.
resultsMean ± SD of blood Pb was 4.1 ± 2.1 μg/dL and 35% of children had blood Pb ≥ 5 μg/dL. Median [5%, 95%] hair Mn level was 0.8 [0.3, 4.1] ppb. Three latent cognitive performance profiles were identified: high (n = 46, 13%), average (n = 209, 61%) and low (n = 90, 26%). Each one-unit increase in blood Pb was associated with a 28% greater likelihood of belonging to a poorer-performing profile. The association was non-linear, with the effect of Pb on profile membership strongest at lower levels of exposure. There was no meaningful interaction between Pb and Mn.
conclusionsA behavioral signature for low-level Pb & Mn exposure was not identified, but the likelihood of membership in low-performing profile was higher at lowest levels of blood Pb. There was no effect measure modification between Pb and Mn. Future research should address how complex environments created by chemical exposures and the social context relate to cognitive performance in young children.
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