SynthesisPloS one2019
Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on mortality and cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological Nephroprotection in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Clinical Practice Position Statement of the Polish Society of Nephrology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Guideline
- Intensive Blood Pressure Treatment Goals: Evidence for Cardiovascular Protection From Observational Studies and Clinical Trials.American journal of hypertension · 2022Pooled it
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Underlying Role of Visceral Adiposity.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2025Review
- Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (2024 revision).Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2025Article
- Observational
- Type 2 diabetes mediated heart failure: focus on early recognition and clinical strategies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Development of a predictive model for the risk of microalbuminuria: comparison of 2 machine learning algorithms.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- In emergency hypertension, could biomarkers change the guidelines?BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Consensus Statements from the Diabetologists & Endocrinologists Alliance for the Management of People with Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Ethnic disparities in mortality among overweight or obese adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- International Guidelines for Hypertension: Resemblance, Divergence and Inconsistencies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- An Overview of the Cardiorenal Protective Mechanisms of SGLT2 Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Medication non-adherence in chronic kidney disease: a mixed-methods review and synthesis using the theoretical domains framework and the behavioural change wheel.Journal of nephrology · 2021Review
- Periodic breathing is associated with blood pressure above the recommended target in patients with type 2 diabetes.Sleep medicine: X · 2020Article
- Effects of Allicin on Pathophysiological Mechanisms during the Progression of Nephropathy Associated to Diabetes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Intensive blood pressure lowering: a practical review.Clinical hypertension · 2020Review
- Blood pressure control in older adults with hypertension: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.International Journal of Cardiology. Hypertension · 2020Review
- Recent advances in managing primary hypertension.Faculty reviews · 2020Review
- Chronic Kidney Disease among Diabetes Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of nephrology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering treatment reduces the risk of all-cause mortality and provides greater vascular protection for patients with hypertension. Whether intensive BP lowering treatment is associated with such benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus remain unknown. We aimed to clarify these benefits by method of meta-analysis.
methodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Science Citation Index and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) that fulfilled study inclusion criteria. Two investigators independently extracted and summarized the relevant data of the included trials. Random-effects model was applied to calculate the estimates of all effect measures.
resultsWe included 16 RCTs and our meta-analysis showed that intensive BP lowering treatment vs less intensive BP lowering treatment resulted in significant reductions in the all-cause mortality risk [relative risk (RR), 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.96], major CV events (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73-0.92, MI (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.96), stroke (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.88, CV death (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.92) and albuminuria progression (RR, 0.91 95% CI, 0.84-0.98). However, intensive BP lowering treatment had no clear effect on non-CV death (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.79-1.20), heart failure (HF) (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.71-1.08) or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.75-1.33). Subgroup analysis showed that the reduction in all cause-mortality was consistent across most patient groups, and intensive BP lowering treatment had a clear benefit even in patients with systolic blood pressure lower than 140 mm Hg. However, the benefit differed in patients with different CV risk (≥10%: RR, 0.77, 95%CI, 0.64-0.91; <10%: RR, 1.04, 95%CI, 0.84-1.29; Phetero = 0.028).
conclusionsOur data indicate that intensive BP lowering treatment provides greater benefits than less intensive treatment among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies are required to more clearly evaluate the benefits and harms of BP targets below those currently recommended with intensive BP lowering treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.