ArticleObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity2019
Global benchmarking of children's exposure to television advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages across 22 countries.
Article in Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Food marketing, eating and health outcomes in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review of the effect of policies to restrict the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to which children are exposed.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Pooled it
- The food environment in Latin America: a systematic review with a focus on environments relevant to obesity and related chronic diseases.Public health nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- The impact of brand advertising on children's food preferences and behavioural intentions: an experimental study.Public health nutrition · 2025Trial
- Unhealthy Food Television Advertising and Body Weight in Mexican Children.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Food-related sponsorship of children's sports clubs in two Canadian policy environments: a survey of sports club representatives.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- Alignment of Food Policies and Cardiovascular Disease Burden: Insights from the Literature.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- The Influence of Social Networks on Adolescent Overweight and Obesity: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Prioritising Indicators for Large-scale Monitoring and Assessment of Food Environments for Public Health.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Mixed messages: evaluating the concurrent presence of nutrition and health claims and front-of-pack warning symbols in five food categories in Canada.Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- The mediating effect of depression and eating behaviours on the relationship between smartphone addiction and obesity in adolescents.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Mitigating the burden of dental caries among adolescents and young adults by targeting social media influencers.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Commentary: Availability of healthy and unhealthy foods in modern retail outlets located in selected districts of Greater Accra Region, Ghana.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Food and beverage marketing directed at youth in 11 Latin American countries: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Scrutinizing the impact of two self-regulation policies on unhealthy food marketing in children's popular television in Malaysia: a multiple-year repeated evaluation using a harmonized protocol.Global health action · 2025Article
- Impact of food advertising restrictions in Portugal on children's exposure to unhealthy foods and beverages: a before-and-after study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- What is the effect of commercial food and non-alcoholic beverage marketing on the dietary intake of children and adolescents? Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis with an equity lens.Systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Using artificial intelligence and computer vision to detect and monitor unhealthy child-directed food and beverage marketing: a data-driven study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Content analysis of food advertisements on Iran broadcasting television channels.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
41 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Restricting children's exposures to marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages is a global obesity prevention priority. Monitoring marketing exposures supports informed policymaking. This study presents a global overview of children's television advertising exposure to healthy and unhealthy products. Twenty-two countries contributed data, captured between 2008 and 2017. Advertisements were coded for the nature of foods and beverages, using the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Nutrient Profile Model (should be permitted/not-permitted to be advertised). Peak viewing times were defined as the top five hour timeslots for children. On average, there were four times more advertisements for foods/beverages that should not be permitted than for permitted foods/beverages. The frequency of food/beverages advertisements that should not be permitted per hour was higher during peak viewing times compared with other times (P < 0.001). During peak viewing times, food and beverage advertisements that should not be permitted were higher in countries with industry self-regulatory programmes for responsible advertising compared with countries with no policies. Globally, children are exposed to a large volume of television advertisements for unhealthy foods and beverages, despite the implementation of food industry programmes. Governments should enact regulation to protect children from television advertising of unhealthy products that undermine their health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.