Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30977054›Full record

ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2019

Caffeine and Exercise: What Next?

Craig Pickering, Jozo Grgic

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 89 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
89citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
16.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06891469 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Effects of an Acute High Dose of Caffeine on Physiological Responses and Performance During a Strength-Focused CrossFit® Workout: a Randomized, Double - Blinded, Crossover Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorDemocritus University of ThraceRan2022 to 2022Enrolled12ConditionsHealthy, Young Adults, Athletic PerformanceArmsCaffeine administration according to body mass (moderate intake- 7 mg/kg), Placebo (Biotin Capsules)
NCT07562256 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Dose-Dependent Effects of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Female Handball Players: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorSinop UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled20ConditionsAthletic Performance, Cognitive Performance, Healthy Adult FemalesArmsCaffeine 3 mg/kg, Caffeine 6 mg/kg, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

89 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. Caffeine's influence on vertical jump height: a real-life collegiate student-athlete approach.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025
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29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Craig PickeringInstitute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Road, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK. craig@dnafit.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7056-4966
Jozo GrgicInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
Department for International Development · GBVictoria University · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Caffeine is a widely utilized performance-enhancing supplement used by athletes and non-athletes alike. In recent years, a number of meta-analyses have demonstrated that caffeine's ergogenic effects on exercise performance are well-established and well-replicated, appearing consistent across a broad range of exercise modalities. As such, it is clear that caffeine is an ergogenic aid-but can we further explore the context of this ergogenic aid in order to better inform practice? We propose that future research should aim to better understand the nuances of caffeine use within sport and exercise. Here, we propose a number of areas for exploration within future caffeine research. These include an understanding of the effects of training status, habitual caffeine use, time of day, age, and sex on caffeine ergogenicity, as well as further insight into the modifying effects of genotype. We also propose that a better understanding of the wider, non-direct effects of caffeine on exercise, such as how it modifies sleep, anxiety, and post-exercise recovery, will ensure athletes can maximize the performance benefits of caffeine supplementation during both training and competition. Whilst not exhaustive, we hope that the questions provided within this manuscript will prompt researchers to explore areas with the potential to have a large impact on caffeine use in the future.

Indexed as

ExerciseAdaptation, PhysiologicalAthletesAthletic PerformanceCaffeineCircadian RhythmGenotypeHumansPerformance-Enhancing SubstancesSex FactorsTime FactorsCaffeinePerformance-Enhancing Substances

Identifiers

PMID30977054
PMCPMC6548757
OpenAlexW2939355824

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.