ArticleBMC public health2019
Iron status and risk factors of iron deficiency among pregnant women in Singapore: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01174875 (Developmental Pathways to Health and Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Developmental Pathways to Health and Disease: Metabolic, Neurodevelopmental and Related Outcomes
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalences of erythropoiesis-associated micronutrient deficiencies (iron, folate, and vitamin BAnnals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The Prevalence of Anemia among Pregnant Women in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Increasing utilisation of intravenous iron among Australian women of reproductive age, 2013-2024: an Australian population-based study.Internal medicine journal · 2026Observational
- Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy and related complications with specific insight in Rivers State, Nigeria: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Food Accessibility and Nutritional Outcomes Among Food-Insecure Pregnant Women in Singapore.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Maternal iron deficiency assessed by serum ferritin and birth outcomes in mainland China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The role of iron deficiency and factors associated with anemia during pregnancy in Southeastern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2020.PloS one · 2025Article
- Redefining Neonatal Vitamin A Adequacy and Deficiency Based on Maternal Nutrition: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chongqing, China.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Aspirational Districts of India: an analysis of NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 data.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Global burden of maternal disorders attributable to malnutrition from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2035: worsening or improving?Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Fructosamine and HbA1c: A Correlational Study in a Southeast Asian Population.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2024Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a district hospital and its feeder community healthcare centre of the Limpopo Province, South Africa.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- [Analysis on the iron status and associated factors during the first trimester of pregnancy].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2023Article
- The prevalence and risk factors associated with Iron, vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies in pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Mbeya, Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Beyond hemoglobin: uncovering iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia using serum ferritin concentration among pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- Article
- Obstetric red cell transfusion in a high-volume tertiary hospital: a retrospective cohort study.Singapore medical journal · 2022Article
- The Influence of Nutritional Supplementation for Iron Deficiency Anemia on Pregnancies Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Dietary iron intakes and odds of iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women in Ifako-Ijaiye, Lagos, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIron deficiency is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency and the most common cause of anaemia worldwide. Because of the increased iron requirements during pregnancy, iron deficiency can lead to maternal anaemia and reduced newborn iron stores. We examined the proportion and risk factors of iron deficiency among pregnant women in a developed Asian country.
methodsWithin a prospective cohort in Singapore, 985 Asian women were assessed for iron status at 26-28 weeks' gestation, with plasma ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) measurements. Iron status was determined according to plasma ferritin concentrations at ≥30 μg/L (iron sufficiency), 15 to < 30 μg/L (modest iron depletion) and < 15 μg/L (severe iron depletion). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for modest and severe iron depletion.
resultsThe median (25-75th percentile) plasma ferritin concentration was 24.2 (19.9-30.6) μg/L. Overall, 660 (67.0%) and 67 (6.8%) women had modest and severe iron depletion, respectively. Higher plasma sTfR was observed in women with severe iron depletion than among those with iron sufficiency (median 17.6 versus 15.5 nmol/L; p < 0.001). Age < 25 years (odds ratio 2.36; 95% confidence interval 1.15-4.84), Malay (2.05; 1.30-3.24) and Indian (1.98; 1.14-3.44) ethnicities (versus Chinese), university qualification (1.64; 1.13-2.38), multiparity (1.73; 1.23-2.44) and lack of iron-containing supplementation (3.37; 1.25-8.53) were associated with increased odds of modest and severe iron depletion.
conclusionsNearly three-quarters of Singaporean women were iron deficient in the early third trimester of pregnancy. These results suggest universal screening and supplementation of at-risk pregnancies may be evaluated as a preventive strategy.
trial registrationNCT01174875 . Registered 1 July 2010 (retrospectively registered).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.