ArticleParasites & vectors2019
Trends in insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens pallens over 20 years in Shandong, China.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design, synthesis, and insecticidal potency of novel 3-methyl-pyrazole derivatives against Culex pipiens larvae.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Assessing insecticide susceptibility of Culex pipiens linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Aras River basin: implications for disease control.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Abu Dhabi, UAE, is developing resistance to deltamethrin insecticide.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Knockdown resistance (kdr)-associated organochlorine resistance in mosquito-borne diseases (Heliyon · 2025Article
- Wolbachia and mosquitoes: Exploring transmission modes and coevolutionary dynamics in Shandong Province, China.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Population genetic structure of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in different types of climatic zones in China.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Synthesis, toxicological and in silico evaluation of novel spiro pyrimidines against Culex pipiens L. referring to chitinase enzyme.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Phenotypic insecticide resistance status of the Culex pipiens complex: a European perspective.Parasites & vectors · 2022Review
- Screening for odorant receptor genes expressed in Aedes aegypti involved in host-seeking, blood-feeding and oviposition behaviors.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- A symbiotic gut bacterium enhances Aedes albopictus resistance to insecticide.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Occurrence of L1014F and L1014S mutations in insecticide resistant Culex quinquefasciatus from filariasis endemic districts of West Bengal, India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Physiological characterization of chitin synthase A responsible for the biosynthesis of cuticle chitin in Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae).Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
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- Molecular and physiological characterization of the chitin synthase B gene isolated from Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae).Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCulex pipiens pallens is the most abundant Culex mosquito species in northern China and is an important vector of bancroftian filariasis and, potentially, West Nile virus. Insecticides, particularly pyrethroids, are widely used for adult mosquito control. Insecticide resistance has become common in several mosquito species, and vector control is the main method currently available to prevent disease transmission. The voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) gene is the target site of pyrethroids, and mutations in this gene cause knockdown resistance (kdr).
methodsCulex pipiens pallens larvae were collected from May to November over two decades, from 1992 to 2018, in four cities in Shandong Province, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) standard resistance bioassay was applied to test the resistance levels of Cx. p. pallens larvae to five different insecticides and to test deltamethrin resistance in adults, using the F1 generation. Mutations at Vgsc codon 1014 were also screened in 471 adult samples collected in 2014 to determine the association between kdr mutations and phenotypic resistance.
resultsLarval resistance against deltamethrin showed an increasing trend from the 1990s until 2018, which was statistically significant in all populations; resistance to cypermethrin increased significantly in mosquitoes from the Zaozhuang population. However, larval resistance to other insecticides remained relatively stable. Larval resistance against deltamethrin was consistent with adult bioassays in 2014, in which all tested populations were highly resistant, with mortality rates ranging from 39.4 to 55.23%. The L1014S and L1014F mutations were both observed in five Cx. p. pallens populations, with L1014F significantly associated with deltamethrin resistance.
conclusionsThe long-term dataset from Shandong demonstrates major increases in pyrethroid resistance over a 20-year period. The L1014F kdr mutation may be considered a viable molecular marker for monitoring pyrethroid resistance in Cx. p. pallens.
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