ArticleBMC public health2019
Visibility and transmission: complexities around promoting hand hygiene in young children - a qualitative study.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Learning from COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the IHR-SPAR Framework's Role in the Pandemic Response.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Involving Children Under 5 years in a Hand Hygiene Intervention Study at Preschools in South Africa.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Global epidemiological trends in the incidence and deaths of acute respiratory infections from 1990 to 2021.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The longitudinal effect of disseminating handwashing public health education to children in India via co-created, culturally relevant resources.Access microbiology · 2024Article
- Hand hygiene knowledge and demonstrated technique among Malawian kindergarten children: A quasi-experimental study.Nursing open · 2023Article
- The Rapid Adaptation and Optimisation of a Digital Behaviour-Change Intervention to Reduce the Spread of COVID-19 in Schools.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand, foot, and mouth disease prevention strategies amongst parents and educators of children under 5 years amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Health security capacities in the context of COVID-19 outbreak: an analysis of International Health Regulations annual report data from 182 countries.Lancet (London, England) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEffective hand hygiene practice can reduce transmission of diseases such as respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and gastrointestinal infections, especially in young children. While hand hygiene has been widely promoted within Australia, primary care providers' (PCPs) and parents' understanding of hand hygiene importance, and their views on hand hygiene in reducing transmission of diseases in the community are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the views of PCPs and parents of young children on their knowledge and practice of hand hygiene in disease transmission.
methodsUsing a cross-sectional qualitative research design, we conducted 30 in-depth interviews with PCPs and five focus groups with parents (n = 50) between June 2014 and July 2015 in Melbourne, Australia. Data were thematically analysed.
resultsParticipants agreed that hand hygiene practice was important in reducing disease transmissions. However, barriers such as variations of hand hygiene habits, relating visibility to transmission; concerns around young children being obsessed with washing hands; children already being 'too clean' and the need to build their immunity through exposure to dirt; and scepticism that hand hygiene practice was achievable in young children, all hindered participants' motivation to develop good hand hygiene behaviour in young children.
conclusionDespite the established benefits of hand hygiene, sustained efforts are needed to ensure its uptake in routine care. To overcome the barriers identified in this study a multifaceted intervention is needed that includes teaching young children good hand hygiene habits, PCPs prompting parents and young children to practice hand hygiene when coming for an RTI consultation, reassuring parents that effective hand hygiene practice will not lead to abnormal psychological behaviour in their children, and community health promotion education campaigns.
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