ReviewCancer biology & therapy2019
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors as novel cancer treatments and modulators of antitumor immune responses.
Review in Cancer biology & therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03678883 (Phase 1/2 Study of 9-ING-41, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 1/2 Study of 9-ING-41, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta (GSK-3β) Inhibitor, as a Single Agent and Combined With Chemotherapy, in Patients With Refractory Hematologic Malignancies or Solid Tumors
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed.
- Discovery of multitargeting single agents as a novel route to the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Time-Resolved Transcriptomic Profiling of Surgical Wounds Identifies Stage-Specific Therapeutic Targets for Residual Ovarian Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Injury Accompanied by Intermediate Filament Remodeling Following Lithium Chloride Exposure in 3D Endometrial Cancer Spheroids.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Subtype-Specific mInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The cross-talk between GSK-3β, RKIP, and PTEN as potential targets for therapeutic implications in cancer: a comprehensive insight.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026Review
- Potential therapeutic GSK-3β inhibitor 9-ING-41 is active in combination with venetoclax in double-hit lymphoma (DHL).Cancer biology & therapy · 2025Article
- GSK3β guides chromosomal repair pathway selection to support BRCA1-independent PARP inhibitor sensitivity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Computational identification of phytochemicals as glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) inhibitors for therapeutic applications in chronic diseases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeting the TRIB3-MYC axis in cancer: mechanistic insights and therapeutic disruption strategies.Investigational new drugs · 2025Review
- Targeting GSK3β and signaling pathways in breast cancer: role of individual members of miR- 23/24/27 cluster.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- miR-32-5p suppresses the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the GSK3β/NF-κB signaling.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Systematic analysis of the transcriptional landscape of melanoma reveals drug-target expression plasticity.Briefings in functional genomics · 2025Article
- Targeting the Key Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Mechanism to Therapeutic Interventions.Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery · 2025Review
- Article
- Apigenin's Influence on Inflammatory and Epigenetic Responses in Rat Lungs After Radiotherapy.Current radiopharmaceuticals · 2025Article
- UBQLN4 promotes the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cell by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analysis of Anacardic Acid Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cell Viability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Pharmacological Modulation of the Cytosolic Oscillator Affects Glioblastoma Cell Biology.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Glycogen synthase kinase 3β: the nexus of chemoresistance, invasive capacity, and cancer stemness in pancreatic cancer.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Epigenomic Profiling Advises Therapeutic Potential of Leukotriene Receptor Inhibitors for a Subset of Triple-Negative Breast Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As a kinase at the crossroads of numerous metabolic and cell growth signaling pathways, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) is a highly desirable therapeutic target in cancer. Despite its involvement in pathways associated with the pathogenesis of several malignancies, no selective GSK-3β inhibitor has been approved for the treatment of cancer. The regulatory role of GSK-3β in apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis reflects the therapeutic relevance of this target and provides the rationale for drug combinations. Emerging data on GSK-3β as a mediator of anticancer immune response also highlight the potential clinical applications of novel selective GSK-3β inhibitors that are entering clinical studies. This manuscript reviews the preclinical and early clinical results with GSK-3β inhibitors and delineates the developmental therapeutics landscape for this potentially important target in cancer therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.