Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30974353›Full record

ArticleThe Science of the total environment2019

Hospital effluent: A reservoir for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales?

Niamh Cahill, Louise O'Connor, Bláthnaid Mahon, Áine Varley, Elaine McGrath, Phelim Ryan, Martin Cormican, Carina Brehony, Keith A Jolley, Martin C Maiden and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Science of the total environment, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
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  4. Review
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  10. International journal of microbiology · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
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  13. Article
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  16. Article
  17. Carbapenem-resistantJournal of water and health · 2024
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Detection and Characterization of Carbapenemase-ProducingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Niamh CahillAntimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Health from Environment, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. Electronic address: niamh.cahill@nuigalway.ie.
Louise O'ConnorAntimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Health from Environment, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Bláthnaid MahonAntimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Health from Environment, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Áine VarleyAntimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Elaine McGrathCarbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Reference Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Phelim RyanAntimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Martin CormicanAntimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Health from Environment, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Reference Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Carina BrehonyAntimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Keith A JolleyDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Martin C MaidenDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Sylvain BrisseBiodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Dearbháile MorrisAntimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Health from Environment, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) represent a significant health threat as some strains are resistant to almost all available antibiotics. The aim of this research was to examine hospital effluent and municipal wastewater in an urban area in Ireland for CPE. Samples of hospital effluent (n = 5), municipal wastewater before (n = 5) and after (n = 4) the hospital effluent stream joined the municipal wastewater stream were collected over a nine-week period (May-June 2017). All samples were examined for CPE by direct plating onto Brilliance CRE agar. Isolates were selected for susceptibility testing to 15 antimicrobial agents in accordance with EUCAST criteria. Where relevant, isolates were tested for carbapenemase-encoding genes by real-time PCR. CPE were detected in five samples of hospital effluent, one sample of pre-hospital wastewater and three samples of post-hospital wastewater. Our findings suggest hospital effluent is a major contributor to CPE in municipal wastewater. Monitoring of hospital effluent for CPE could have important applications in detection and risk management of unrecognised dissemination of CPE in both the healthcare setting and the environment.

Indexed as

Water MicrobiologyBacterial Proteinsbeta-LactamasesEnterobacteriaceaeHospitalsWastewaterWater PollutantsBacterial Proteinsbeta-LactamasescarbapenemaseWastewaterWater PollutantsAntimicrobial resistant bacteriaCarbapenemase-encoding genesCarbapenem resistanceHospital wastewaterMunicipal wastewater

Identifiers

PMID30974353
PMCPMC6525273

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.