ArticleJournal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc2019
A two-year prospective study of small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada, part 1: prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens.
Article in Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- "The trust is gone": smallholder poultry producers' perceptions of biosecurity measures against highly pathogenic avian influenza.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Nano-adjuvants enhance the immunogenicity and safety of infectious bursal disease virus vaccines: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Human Health Implications of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in Vermont Backyard Poultry.Zoonoses and public health · 2025Observational
- From Livestock to Companion: Admission Causes, Diagnostics, and Clinical Findings in Chickens Admitted to the Avian Clinic of the Vetmeduni Vienna, 2009-2019.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- A Quick Review of the Prevalence of Important Infectious Poultry Diseases all Around the World.Recent advances in food, nutrition & agriculture · 2024Review
- Questionnaire study suggests grave consequences of infectious laryngotracheitis, infectious coryza and mycoplasmosis in small chicken flocks.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2023Article
- Backyard chickens - A cross-sectional survey of current and prospective backyard chicken owners in Ontario (2019-2021).The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2023Article
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- Demographic, Husbandry, and Biosecurity Factors Associated with the Presence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Detection of Laryngotracheitis Virus in Poultry Flocks with Respiratory Disorders in Slovenia.Viruses · 2021Article
- Backyard poultry cases in UK small animal practices: Demographics, health conditions and pharmaceutical prescriptions.The Veterinary record · 2021Article
- Food Safety Considerations Related to the Consumption and Handling of Game Meat in North America.Veterinary sciences · 2020Review
- Evaluation of Alternative Methods of Tunnel Composting (submitted by the European Composting Network).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates: a two-year prospective study of small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada.BMC veterinary research · 2019Article
- A two-year prospective study of small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada, part 2: causes of morbidity and mortality.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2019Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In Ontario, within the past few years, there has been a marked increase in the number of non-commercial poultry flocks (referred to as "small flocks"). Small poultry flocks may act as a reservoir of avian and zoonotic pathogens, given the flocks' limited access to veterinary services, inadequate biosecurity practices, and increased risk of contact with wild birds. Despite these potential risks, there is a scarcity of data concerning the prevalence of poultry and zoonotic pathogens among these flocks. To assess the baseline prevalence of bacterial and viral infectious pathogens, prospective surveillance of small flock postmortem submissions to the Animal Health Laboratory was conducted over a 2-y period. With the owner's consent, a postmortem examination and pre-set tests for infectious agents were conducted. A total of 160 submissions, mainly chickens (84%), were received. Among bacterial pathogens, Brachyspira spp., Mycoplasma synoviae, Campylobacter spp., Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and Salmonella spp. were detected in 37%, 36%, 35%, 23%, and 3% of tested submissions, respectively. Among viral pathogens, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl adenovirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian reovirus, and infectious bursal disease virus were detected in 39%, 35%, 15%, 4%, and 1% of submissions, respectively. We detected non-virulent avian avulavirus 1 from two chickens in a single submission, and low-pathogenic H10N8 influenza A virus from a single turkey submission. Our study provides baseline prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens circulating in Ontario small flocks and may help animal and human health professionals to educate small flock owners about disease prevention.
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