ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2019
Socioeconomic disparities in life expectancy gains among retired German men, 1997-2016.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- The life expectancy gap: Socioeconomic differences in life expectancy between areas in Germany.Journal of health monitoring · 2025Article
- [Socioeconomic deprivation and premature mortality in Germany, 1998-2021 : An ecological study with what-if scenarios of inequality reduction].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2024Article
- [Decentralized Health Promotion in Nuremberg according to the Prevention Bill: Assessment of results and experiences of the project "Health for Everyone in the District"].Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2024Article
- Regional outcome disparities in German head and neck cancer patients: Shorter survival in Eastern Germany.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- The underwhelming German life expectancy.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Different health systems - Different mortality outcomes? Regional disparities in avoidable mortality across German-speaking Europe, 1992-2019.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Article
- Educational Differences in Life Expectancies With and Without Pain.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Affirmations of Intimate Partner Violence in Germany: A First Nationwide Study on Victimization in Women and Men.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2023Article
- Mortality and life expectancy trends in Spain by pension income level for male pensioners in the general regime retiring at the statutory age, 2005-2018.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Reasons for the Absence of Vaginal Intercourse in Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Men.Sexual medicine · 2022Article
- Time Trends and Income Inequalities in Cancer Incidence and Cancer-Free Life Expectancy - a Cancer Site-Specific Analysis of German Health Insurance Data.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Article
- Residential Area Socioeconomic Deprivation is Associated with Physical Dependency and Polypharmacy in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: An Analysis of Health Administrative Data in Ireland.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2022Article
- Differences in Life Expectancy Between Self-Employed Workers and Paid Employees when Retirement Pensioners: Evidence from Spanish Social Security Records.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2021Article
- [30 years of German unification: achievements and remaining differences in mortality trends by age and cause of death].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2021Article
- Social inequalities in mild and severe myocardial infarction: how large is the gap in health expectancies?BMC public health · 2021Article
- District-Level Life Expectancy in Germany.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2020Article
- Declining regional disparities in mortality in the context of persisting large inequalities in economic conditions: the case of Germany.International journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Compression, expansion, or maybe both? Growing inequalities in lung cancer in Germany.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough estimates of socioeconomic mortality disparities in Germany exist, the trends in these disparities since the 1990s are still unknown. This study examines mortality trends across socioeconomic groups since the late 1990s among retired German men aged 65 and above.
methodsLarge administrative data sets were used to estimate mortality among retired German men, grouped according to their working-life biographies. The data covered the years 1997-2016 and included more than 84.1 million person-years and 4.3 million deaths. Individual pension entitlements served as a measure of lifetime income. Changes in total life expectancy at age 65 over time were decomposed into effects of group-specific mortality improvements and effects of compositional change.
resultsOver the two decades studied, male mortality declined in all income groups in both German regions. As mortality improved more rapidly among higher status groups, the social gradient in mortality widened. Since 1997, the distribution of pension entitlements of retired East German men has shifted substantially downwards. As a result, the impact of the most disadvantaged group on total mortality has increased and has partly attenuated the overall improvement.
conclusionOur results demonstrate that socioeconomic deprivation has substantial effects on levels of mortality in postreunification Germany. While East German retirees initially profited from the transition to the West German pension system, subsequent cohorts had to face challenges associated with the transition to the market economy. The results suggest that postreunification unemployment and status decline had delayed effects on old-age mortality in East Germany.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.