ArticleCritical care (London, England)2019
What is the lowest change in cardiac output that transthoracic echocardiography can detect?
Article in Critical care (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Association of Respiratory Variation of Superior Vena Cava in Transthoracic View and Fluid Responsiveness in Critically Ill Patients
Reliability of Minimally Trained Operator's Velocity-Time Integral Measurement Guided by Artificial Intelligence (MiniTrained-VTI)
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 172 citations in OpenAlex.
- ESICM guidelines on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring 2025.Intensive care medicine · 2025Guideline
- Automated and reference methods for the calculation of left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral or ejection fraction by non-cardiologists: a systematic review on the agreement of the two methods.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2025Pooled it
- Agreement between manual and automatic ultrasound measurement of the velocity-time integral in the left ventricular outflow tract in intensive care patients: evaluation of the AUTO-VTI® tool.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2025Trial
- Can carotid artery Doppler variations induced by the end-expiratory occlusion maneuver predict fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients?Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Effect of focused cardiopulmonary ultrasonography on clinical outcome of septic shock: a randomized study.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Trial
- Frozen Echocardiography Foundation Model Embeddings Contain Linearly Recoverable LVOT VTI and TAPSE Report-Label Signal in MIMIC-IV-ECHO.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Serial TAPSE and Subsequent 60-Day Mortality Among Critically Ill Adults with Reduced Baseline TAPSE: A MIMIC-IV-ECHO Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Cardiac size-exercise coupling in Paralympic athletes with spinal cord injury: the role of lesion level.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Assessment of preload responsiveness by variation in peak aortic flow velocity in suprasternal window: A novel approach.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- A structured 5-question approach for echocardiographic evaluation of undifferentiated shock.Echo research and practice · 2026Review
- The Role of PoCUS in the Diagnosis and Early Monitoring of Cardiogenic Shock in the Emergency Department: A Narrative Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Assessing fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with intra-abdominal hypertension: a two-center, prospective, observational study.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Point-of-care ultrasound to evaluate volume status in congestive heart failure.Journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2026Review
- Pulse pressure versus continuous flow monitoring for fluid responsiveness prediction during passive leg raising: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Positioning Statement on the Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Cardiovascular Medicine - 2026.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2026Article
- Validation of the inferior vena cava collapsibility as a predictive marker of fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Left Ventricular Geometry Improves Prediction of Sex-Specific Post-TAVR Remodeling in Aortic Stenosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Proof of concept of noninvasive detection of norepinephrine induced stroke volume changes using perfusion index in cardiac surgery.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Effect of norepinephrine on ventricular systolic function during septic shock: the ENESySS study.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Article
- Changes in COJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn critically ill patients, changes in the velocity-time integral (VTI) of the left ventricular outflow tract, measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), are often used to non-invasively assess the response to fluid administration or for performing tests assessing fluid responsiveness. However, the precision of TTE measurements has not yet been investigated in such patients. First, we aimed at assessing how many measurements should be averaged within one TTE examination to reach a sufficient precision for various variables. Second, we aimed at identifying the least significant change (LSC) of these variables between successive TTE examinations.
methodsWe prospectively included 100 haemodynamically stable patients in whom TTE examination was planned. Three TTE examinations were performed, the first and the third by one operator and the second by another one. We calculated the precision and LSC (1) within one examination depending on the number of averaged measurements and (2) between measurements performed in two successive examinations.
resultsIn patients in sinus rhythm, averaging three measurements within an examination was enough for obtaining an acceptable precision (interquartile range highest value < 10%) for VTI. In patients with atrial fibrillation, averaging five measurements was necessary. The precision of some other common TTE variables depending on the number of measurements is provided. Between two successive examinations performed by the same operator, the LSC was 11 [5-18]% for VTI. If two operators performed the examinations, the LSC for VTI significantly increased to 14 [8-26]%. The LSC between two examinations for other TTE variables is also provided.
conclusionsAveraging three measurements within one TTE examination is enough for obtaining precise measurements for VTI in patients in sinus rhythm but not in patients with atrial fibrillation. Between two TTE examinations performed by the same operator, the LSC of VTI is compatible with the assessment of the effects of a 500-mL fluid infusion but is not precise enough for assessing the effects of some tests predicting preload responsiveness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.