ArticleParasites & vectors2019
Risk factors for lymphatic filariasis in two villages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk factors of lymphatic filariasis in Asia: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Manifestations of Lymphatic Filariasis and Practice of Vector Control Measures after 15 Years of Mass Drug Administration: A Rapid Epidemiological Study from Odisha.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025Article
- Examining the overlap in lymphatic filariasis prevalence and malaria insecticide-treated net access-use in endemic Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- The effects of variable spatial aggregation on lymphatic filariasis transmission.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Molecular xenomonitoring reveals Anopheles funestus and An. rivulorum as the primary vectors of lymphatic filariasis in coastal Kenya.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Prevalence of elephantiasis, an overlooked disease in Southern Africa: a comprehensive review.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2024Review
- A nationwide epidemiological and geodemographic analysis of lymphatic filariasis in Ecuador: a neglected and often forgotten disease in Ecuador.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Spatially Explicit Environmental Factors Associated with Lymphatic Filariasis Infection in American Samoa.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with transmission of lymphatic filariasis in South Sudan: a cross-sectional quantitative study.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Results From 2 Cohort Studies in Central Africa Show That Clearance of Wuchereria bancrofti Infection After Repeated Rounds of Mass Drug Administration With Albendazole Alone Is Closely Linked to Individual Adherence.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Assessment of Etiology of Elephantiasis and Its Associated Risk Factors in Jeldu District, West Shoa, Ethiopia.Journal of tropical medicine · 2021Article
- Demographic, socioeconomic and disease knowledge factors, but not population mobility, associated with lymphatic filariasis infection in adult workers in American Samoa in 2014.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
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Abstract
backgroundLittle is known regarding risk factors for lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Central Africa. To expand on what is known, we studied the epidemiology of LF in two endemic villages in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
methodsDependent variables were Wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia detected with filarial test strips (FTS) and microfilaraemia detected by night blood smears. The following factors were investigated: sex, age, the use of bednets, the use of latrines, hunting, fishing and agricultural activities, history of treatment with anthelmintic drugs, overnight stays in the bush, population density, the number of household members, and distance to rivers. Mixed multivariate logistic regression models were used.
resultsTwo hundred and fifty nine out of 820 (31.6%) of subjects aged ≥ 5 years had W. bancrofti antigenaemia and 11.8% (97/820) had microfilaraemia. Multivariable analysis of risk factors for antigenaemia demonstrated increased risk for males (aOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.20-2.53, P = 0.003), for older individuals (aOR = 9.12 in those aged > 35 years, 95% CI: 4.47-18.61, P < 0.001), for people not using bednets (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06-2.33, P = 0.023), for farmers (aOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.25-3.90, P = 0.006), and for those who live close to a river (aOR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.14-6.74, P = 0.024). Significant risk factors for microfilaraemia included age, male gender, overnight stay in the bush, and residence close to a river (aOR = 1.86, 2.01, 2.73; P = 0.011, 0.010, 0.041; for the three latter variables, respectively). People who reported having taken levamisole (n = 117) during the prior year had a significantly decreased risk of having filarial antigenaemia (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21-0.76, P = 0.005).
conclusionsAge, sex, not using bednets, and occupation-dependent exposure to mosquitoes were important risk factors for infection with W. bancrofti in this study. The association with levamisole use suggests that the drug may have prevented filarial infections. Other results suggest that transmission often occurs outside of the village. This study provides interesting clues regarding the epidemiology of LF in Central Africa.
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