ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Circulating LPS and (1→3)-β-D-Glucan: A Folie à Deux Contributing to HIV-Associated Immune Activation.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific gut mycobiome dysbiosis activates macrophage dectin-1 signaling to drive neurobehavioral deficits in EcoHIV-infected mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Comparison of PBS-Caffeine and Caffeine Buffers for Inhibiting Exocytosis During Horseshoe Crab Blood Collection and Improving the Yield of Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) for Endotoxin Detection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Early Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation During Primary HIV Infection Restricts HIV Reservoirs and Gut-Driven Inflammation but Fails to Rewire the Systemic Cytokine Landscape.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Intestinal microecology: a crucial factor influencing incomplete immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV-1.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Article
- Tripartite interplay: immune reconstitution dynamics in AIDS, gut microbiota, and Helicobacter pylori infection: current advances and therapeutic prospects.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- Effects of alcohol on the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota among people with HIV: A cross-sectional study.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Review
- Immunometabolic adaptation in monocytes underpins functional changes during pregnancy.iScience · 2024Article
- Effects of statins beyond lipid-lowering agents in ART-treated HIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Alterations of the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Gut Fungal Microbiome in Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Patients.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Article
- Intestinal barrier damage contributes to a higher prevalence of frailty in aging people living with HIV: a retrospective case control study in a Chinese cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Influence of Oral Terbinafine on Gut Fungal Microbiome Composition and Microbial Translocation in People Living with HIV Treated for Onychomycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Immune profiling in Puerto Rican injection drug users with and without HIV-1 infection.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2023Article
- The leaky gut and the gut microbiome in sepsis - targets in research and treatment.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Article
- HIV Tat Expression and Cocaine Exposure Lead to Sex- and Age-Specific Changes of the Microbiota Composition in the Gut.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Inflammasomes as mediators of inflammation in HIV-1 infection.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Relevance of biomarkers indicating gut damage and microbial translocation in people living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The relationship of hair glucocorticoid levels to immunological and virological outcomes in a large cohort of combination antiretroviral therapy treated people living with HIV.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immune activation is the driving force behind the occurrence of AIDS and non-AIDS events, and is only partially reduced by antiretroviral therapy (ART). Soon after HIV infection, intestinal CD4+ T cells are depleted leading to epithelial gut damage and subsequent translocation of microbes and/or their products into systemic circulation. Bacteria and fungi are the two most abundant populations of the gut microbiome. Circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1→3)-β-D-Glucan (βDG), major components of bacterial and fungal cell walls respectively, are measured as markers of microbial translocation in the context of compromised gut barriers. While LPS is a well-known inducer of innate immune activation, βDG is emerging as a significant source of monocyte and NK cell activation that contributes to immune dysfunction. Herein, we critically evaluated recent literature to untangle the respective roles of LPS and βDG in HIV-associated immune dysfunction. Furthermore, we appraised the relevance of LPS and βDG as biomarkers of disease progression and immune activation on ART. Understanding the consequences of elevated LPS and βDG on immune activation will provide insight into novel therapeutic strategies against the occurrence of AIDS and non-AIDS events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.