ArticleMolecular autism2019
Linguistic markers of autism in girls: evidence of a "blended phenotype" during storytelling.
Article in Molecular autism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is There a Bias Towards Males in the Diagnosis of Autism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Passing as Non-autistic in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Context Matters: Assessing Sex and Diagnostic Differences in Autistic Children's Language Across Tasks With Differing Levels of Structure.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- How Autism and Sex Influence Perspective-Taking in Pragmatic Inferences.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Sex-specific metrics for success: Gaps in social word use are bigger for autistic girls than boys.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- Sound-symbol correspondence in autism: TheResearch in autism · 2026Article
- Mitigating Sex-Related Biases to Elucidate the Autism Phenotype.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- A multi-method phenotypic study of sex differences in pragmatic language in autism.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex-specific vulnerabilities in early human neurodevelopment following SARS-CoV-2-induced maternal immune activation.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Narrative Ability in Autism and First-Degree Relatives.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- The Art of the Special Interest: Lexicon-Based Analysis of Longitudinal Changes in Language Patterns Among Neurodiverse Youth Designing Special Interest-Related Digital Art.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Brief Report-Written Personal Narratives of Autistic and Non-autistic Women: A Linguistic Analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Pre-trained artificial intelligence language model represents pragmatic language variability central to autism and genetically related phenotypes.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Article
- Context effects: discourse structure influences narrative ability in autism and first-degree relatives.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Multiparametric Assays Capture Sex- and Environment-Dependent Modifiers of Behavioral Phenotypes in Autism Mouse Models.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Objective Linguistic Markers Associated with Callous-Unemotional Traits in Early Childhood.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Sex/Gender Differences in the Language Profiles of Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Sex differences in the temporal dynamics of autistic children's natural conversations.Molecular autism · 2023Article
- Sex differences in social and emotional insight in youth with and without autism.Molecular autism · 2023Article
- Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Narrative abilities are linked to social impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), such that reductions in words about cognitive processes (e.g., Methods: One hundred two verbally fluent school-aged children [girls with ASD ( Results: Autistic children of both sexes consistently produced a greater number of nouns than TD controls, indicating object-focused storytelling. There were no sex differences in cognitive process word use in the TD group, but autistic girls produced significantly more cognitive process words than autistic boys, despite comparable autism symptom severity. Thus, autistic girls showed a unique narrative profile that overlapped with autistic boys Conclusion: This study extends prior research on autistic children's storytelling by measuring sex differences in the narratives of a relatively large, well-matched sample of children with and without ASD. Importantly, prior research showing that autistic children use fewer cognitive process words is true for boys only, while object-focused language is a sex-neutral linguistic marker of ASD. These findings suggest that sex-sensitive screening and diagnostic methods-preferably using objective metrics like natural language processing-may be helpful for identifying autistic girls, and could guide the development of future personalized treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.