ArticleJournal of ginseng research2019
Bioactive lipids in gintonin-enriched fraction from ginseng.
Article in Journal of ginseng research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reglid: novel glycolipids from Korean red ginseng marc.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Neo-gintonin: production of high concentrations of lysophosphatidic acids from Korean Red ginseng marc.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Gintonin-Enriched Fraction in TNF-α-Stimulated Keratinocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Lipid-Enriched Gintonin from Korean Red Ginseng Marc Alleviates Obesity via Oral and Central Administration in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Gintonin-EnrichedFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gintonin-EnrichedCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Study on the Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Gintonin in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Relationship with TRPV1, TRPV4, and NaV1.5.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Emerging evidence that ginseng components improve cognition in subjective memory impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and early Alzheimer's disease dementia.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
- Atypical formations of gintonin lysophosphatidic acids as new materials and their beneficial effects on degenerative diseases.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
- Gintonin Alleviates HCl/Ethanol- and Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Effects ofArchives of Razi Institute · 2023Article
- Preparation of Red Ginseng Marc-Derived Gintonin and Its Application as a Skin Nutrient.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Phospholipids, the Masters in the Shadows during Healing after Acute Myocardial Infarction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Gintonin, aJournal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- A novel protocol for batch-separating gintonin-enriched, polysaccharide-enriched, and crude ginsenoside-containing fractions fromJournal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- The non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng ameliorates sarcopenia by regulating immune homeostasis in 22-26-month-old C57BL/6J mice.Journal of ginseng research · 2022Article
- Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis.Journal of ginseng research · 2022Article
- Gintonin-enriched fraction improves sarcopenia by maintaining immune homeostasis in 20- to 24-month-old C57BL/6J mice.Journal of ginseng research · 2021Article
- Effects of Gintonin-enriched fraction on the gene expression of six lysophosphatidic receptor subtypes.Journal of ginseng research · 2021Article
- Gintonin regulates inflammation in human IL-1β-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and carrageenan/kaolin-induced arthritis in rats through LPAR2.Journal of ginseng research · 2021Article
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8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGinseng is a traditional herbal medicine for human health. Ginseng contains a bioactive ligand named gintonin. The active ingredient of gintonin is lysophosphatidic acid C18:2 (LPA C18:2). We previously developed a method for gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) preparation to mass-produce gintonin from ginseng. However, previous studies did not show the presence of other bioactive lipids besides LPAs. The aim of this study was to quantify the fatty acids, lysophospholipids (LPLs), and phospholipids (PLs) besides LPAs in GEF.
methodsWe prepared GEF from white ginseng. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for fatty acid analysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for PL analysis, and quantified the fatty acids, LPLs, and PLs in GEF using respective standards. We examined the effect of GEF on insulin secretion in INS-1 cells.
resultsGEF contains about 7.5% linoleic (C18:2), 2.8% palmitic (C16:0), and 1.5% oleic acids (C18:1). GEF contains about 0.2% LPA C18:2, 0.06% LPA C16:0, and 0.02% LPA C18:1. GEF contains 0.08% lysophosphatidylcholine, 0.03% lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and 0.13% lysophosphatidylinositols. GEF also contains about 1% phosphatidic acid (PA) 16:0-18:2, 0.5% PA 18:2-18:2, and 0.2% PA 16:0-18:1. GEF-mediated insulin secretion was not blocked by LPA receptor antagonist.
conclusionWe determined four characteristics of GEF through lipid analysis and insulin secretion. First, GEF contains a large amount of linoleic acid (C18:2), PA 16:0-18:2, and LPA C18:2 compared with other lipids. Second, the main fatty acid component of LPLs and PLs is linoleic acid (C18:2). Third, GEF stimulates insulin secretion not through LPA receptors. Finally, GEF contains bioactive lipids besides LPAs.
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