ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica with peptide-loaded tolerogenic dendritic cells in a phase 1b trial.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of antigen-specific therapeutic approaches for multiple sclerosis: Systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- The cascade to pathogenicity in autoantibody-mediated CNS diseases.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Immune tolerance platforms to mitigate unwanted immune responses.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Immune reconstitution and tolerance-inducing therapies as promising therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Autoantigen-loaded Polymeric Microparticles associate with B cells and promote tolerogenic antigen presentation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Synergistic immunomodulatory combinations induce robust human tolerogenic dendritic cells for antigen-specific regulatory T cell generation.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Article
- T cell-targeted immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives from Traditional Chinese medicine.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Rethinking MS Therapeutics: From Disease Pathogenesis Mechanisms to AI-Driven Drug Discovery.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Emerging Cell-Based Therapies for Systemic Sclerosis: From Stem Cells to CAR-T Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Interferon-γ-induced tolerogenic dendritic cells ameliorate autoimmune neuroinflammation and suppress T-cell responses in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Oxidized mannan-MOG35-55 conjugate as a platform for antigen-specific immune modulation in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sustained microparticle-mediated intracellular immunomodulation enhances tolerogenic dendritic cell stability and antigen-specific Treg induction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles as antigen-specific therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in the mouse model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Tailoring monocyte-derived tolerogenic cell therapies to the needs; what's in a name?Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Protocol of generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells affects their transcriptional and metabolic profiles leading to specific tolerogenic functions.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Local control of T cell fate in lymph nodes safely and durably reverses myelin-driven autoimmunity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Dendritic Cells: Origin, Classification, Development, Biological Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.MedComm · 2025Review
- Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Regulation of response to antigen peptides is independent of peptide distribution in lymph node therapeutics.Biomaterials science · 2025Article
- Targeting Impaired Type I Interferon-IL-27 Signaling Rescues T Regulatory Cell Suppressive Function in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are adaptive T-cell and antibody autoimmune responses to myelin-derived peptides in multiple sclerosis (MS) and to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Strategies aimed at antigen-specific tolerance to these autoantigens are thus indicated for these diseases. One approach involves induction of tolerance with engineered dendritic cells (tolDCs) loaded with specific antigens. We conducted an in-human phase 1b clinical trial testing increasing concentrations of autologous tolDCs loaded with peptides from various myelin proteins and from AQP4. We tested this approach in 12 patients, 8 with MS and 4 with NMOSD. The primary end point was the safety and tolerability, while secondary end points were clinical outcomes (relapses and disability), imaging (MRI and optical coherence tomography), and immunological responses. Therapy with tolDCs was well tolerated, without serious adverse events and with no therapy-related reactions. Patients remained stable clinically in terms of relapse, disability, and in various measurements using imaging. We observed a significant increase in the production of IL-10 levels in PBMCs stimulated with the peptides as well as an increase in the frequency of a regulatory T cell, known as Tr1, by week 12 of follow-up. In this phase 1b trial, we concluded that the i.v. administration of peptide-loaded dendritic cells is safe and feasible. Elicitation of specific IL-10 production by peptide-specific T cells in MS and NMOSD patients indicates that a key element in antigen specific tolerance is activated with this approach. The results warrant further clinical testing in larger trials.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.