ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2019
Diversity and characterization of HIV-1 subtypes in the United States, 2008-2016.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 in Ghana: a systematic review of two decades.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- HIV-1 subtype diversity trends in a Northern California cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
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- Article
- High HIV diversity, recombination, and superinfection revealed in a large outbreak among persons who inject drugs in Kentucky and Ohio, USA.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- Lessons learned from community engagement regarding phylodynamic research with molecular HIV surveillance data.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Identification and Implications of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Subtype in Hawai'i.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2022Article
- HIV-1 Drug Resistance Assay Using Ion Torrent Next Generation Sequencing and On-Instrument End-to-End Analysis Software.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- CRF07_BC is associated with slow HIV disease progression in Chinese patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis article describes subtype diversity among diagnosed HIV-1 infections in the United States during 2008-2016 by demographic or risk group and over time.
methodsHIV-1 polymerase sequences reported to the National HIV Surveillance System for persons in 17 U.S. states with HIV infection diagnosed during 2008-2016 were subtyped using COMET, an automated subtyping tool, and National HIV Surveillance System demographic data were analyzed.
resultsSubtype B was identified in 93.6% of 121,793 reported sequences. The most common non-B subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) were C, CRF02_AG, A, CRF01_AE, and G. Elevated percentages of non-B subtypes or CRFs were found in persons who were female, aged less than 13 years at diagnosis, Asian, or had transmission attributable to heterosexual contact (females only) or perinatal exposure. Foreign-born persons had a higher percentage of non-B subtypes. The prevalence of non-B subtypes and CRFs increased from 5.0% in 2008 to 8.5% in 2016; among specific subtypes and CRFs, subtype G and CRF01_AE increased.
conclusionsSubtype B remains the predominant strain in the United States. Non-B subtypes and CRFs were not widespread, but diversity and numbers increased from 2008 through 2016, which could have consequences for clinical management, diagnostic testing, and vaccine development.
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