Trial reportBMC public health2019
WhatsApp embedded in routine service delivery for smoking cessation: effects on abstinence rates in a randomized controlled study.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
WhatsApp Embedded in Routine Service Delivery for Smoking Cessation: Effects on Success Rates in a Randomized Controlled Study
The Effect of Continuous Breastfeeding Support Provided to Mothers Through WhatsApp Messaging Application on Breastfeeding: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Development and Implementation of an Online Psychological Support Program for Tobacco Users
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Korean Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (KSRNT) and National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) on Treatment of Tobacco Use 2024.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Guideline
- The Effectiveness of Instant Messaging-Based Interventions on Health Behavior Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Worldviews on evidence-based nursing · 2025Pooled it
- Behavioral Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of digital tools for smoking cessation in Asian countries: a systematic review.Annals of medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of eHealth Smoking Cessation Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of digital psychological interventions for mental health problems in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Relapse prevention interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Acceptability and Feasibility of an Islamic Faith-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention Delivered via WhatsApp for Muslim Smokers in Saudi Arabia: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Conversational Chatbot for Cigarette Smoking Cessation: Results From the 11-Step User-Centered Design Development Process and Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Trial
- Effect of Adding Personalized Instant Messaging Apps to a Brief Smoking Cessation Model in Community Smokers in Hong Kong: Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- A Personalized Mobile Cessation Intervention to Promote Smokers From the Preparation Stage to the Action Stage: Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Assessment of a Text Message-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention for Adult Smokers in China: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Additive effects of adjunctive app-based interventions for mental disorders - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Internet interventions · 2024Review
- Efficacy of e-health interventions for smoking cessation management in smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Telehealth interventions for substance use disorders in low- and- middle income countries: A scoping review.PLOS digital health · 2022Article
- Prevalence and correlates of nicotine dependence among the construction site workers at IGIMS, Patna.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Tobacco cessation programs and factors associated with their effectiveness in the Middle East: A systematic review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Review
- Mobile Delivery of Mindfulness-Based Smoking Cessation Treatment Among Low-Income Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2021Article
- mHealth Technology and CVD Risk Reduction.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2021Review
- Wildfire-Like Effect of a WhatsApp Campaign to Mobilize a Group of Predominantly Health Professionals With a University Degree on a Health Issue: Infodemiology Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe demand for smoking cessation services has risen in Turkey, as smokers planning to quit reached 35% in 2012. Communication technologies are used globally to support quitters, yet their integration to health services is rare. This study aims to evaluate the effect of support messages through WhatsApp application added to the usual care of a university hospital cessation unit, as compared to usual care alone, on abstinence rates at first month.
methodsA randomized controlled intervention study was conducted with 132 patients applying to Ege University Hospital's Department of Public Health Smoking Cessation Clinic, between March and July 2017. Intervention content was prepared and 60 WhatsApp messages about having a plan of action and preventing relapse were developed through expert panels. These messages lasted for 3 months and follow-ups continued for 6 months. The primary outcome was abstinence rate at 1st month post target quit day. As secondary outcomes; the continuous abstinence rates at 3rd and 6th months, number of follow-ups, change in weight and continuity of medication were evaluated. Intention-to-treat analysis was used.
resultsAbstinence rate at 1st month was 65.9% in the intervention group and 40.9% in the control group (p = 0.007); 50.0 and 30.7% at 3rd month and 40.9 and 22.7% at 6th month, consecutively (both p < 0.05). Being in the intervention group increased abstinence rate by 3.50 (OR, 95% CI = 1.30-9.44) times in the 1st month. When controlled for all other factors in the multivariate logistic regression, the intervention was the only variable significantly associated with abstinence. For secondary outcomes, the intervention increased abstinence rate by 2.50 (OR, 95% CI = 1.08-6.40) times in the 3rd and 2.31 (OR, 95% CI = 1.03-5.16) times in the 6th month. In the intervention group, the number of follow-ups and face-to-face follow-ups were higher at 1st and 3rd months and continuity of medication was longer at 3rd month.
conclusionsWhatsApp support embedded in cessation service delivery increases the abstinence rate and has favorable effects on follow-up.
trial registrationThis trial is retrospectively registered online at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT03714971 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.