ArticleBMC microbiology2019
gyrA and parC mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Kenya.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Temporal and geographic trends in extended-spectrum cephalosporins resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- The frequency of mutations in theFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Global status of Azithromycin and Erythromycin Resistance Rates inThe Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Fluoroquinolone resistance-conferringAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Sequence analyses to accelerate the development of rapid resistance assays targeting the Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrA gene.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance crisis in STIs: Gonorrhea andNew microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- Fluoroquinolone resistance-conferringbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Molecular Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Bacterial Isolates from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Genetic diversity, genetic population structure and epidemiology of multidrug resistance Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Kenya.PloS one · 2026Article
- Genomic diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in Kenya revealed by MLST, NG-MAST, and NG-STAR typing.PloS one · 2026Article
- Mechanism of Action of Gepotidacin: Well-Balanced Dual-Targeting againstACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Characterization of anVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Virulence and resistance gene analysis of Rothia nasimurium by whole gene sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Detection ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Computational prediction of crucial genes involved in gonorrhea infection and neoplastic cell transformation: A multiomics approach.Microbial pathogenesis · 2024Article
- Target-Mediated Fluoroquinolone Resistance inACS infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Novel Fluoroquinolones with Possible Antibacterial Activity in Gram-Negative Resistant Pathogens: In Silico Drug Discovery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Enhancing capacity for national genomics surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in public health laboratories in Kenya.Microbial genomics · 2023Article
- gyrA Mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium and Their Contribution to Moxifloxacin Failure: Time for the Next Generation of Resistance-Guided Therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Bioinformatics tools used for whole-genome sequencing analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a literature review.Briefings in functional genomics · 2022Review
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13 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPhenotypic fluoroquinolone resistance was first reported in Western Kenya in 2009 and later in Coastal Kenya and Nairobi. Until recently gonococcal fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in Kenya had not been elucidated. The aim of this paper is to analyze mutations in both gyrA and parC responsible for elevated fluoroquinolone Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) isolated from heterosexual individuals from different locations in Kenya between 2013 and 2017.
methodsAntimicrobial Susceptibility Tests were done on 84 GC in an ongoing Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) surveillance program. Of the 84 isolates, 22 resistant to two or more classes of antimicrobials were chosen for analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using E-test (BioMerieux) and the results were interpreted with reference to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standards. The isolates were sub-cultured, and whole genomes were sequenced using Illumina platform. Reads were assembled de novo using Velvet, and mutations in the GC Quinolone Resistant Determining Regions identified using Bioedit sequence alignment editor. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism based phylogeny was inferred using RaxML.
resultsDouble GyrA amino acid substitutions; S91F and D95G/D95A were identified in 20 isolates. Of these 20 isolates, 14 had an additional E91G ParC substitution and significantly higher ciprofloxacin MICs (p = 0.0044*). On the contrary, norfloxacin MICs of isolates expressing both GyrA and ParC QRDR amino acid changes were not significantly high (p = 0.82) compared to MICs of isolates expressing GyrA substitutions alone. No single GyrA substitution was found in the analyzed isolates, and no isolate contained a ParC substitution without the simultaneous presence of double GyrA substitutions. Maximum likelihood tree clustered the 22 isolates into 6 distinct clades.
conclusionSimultaneous presence of amino acid substitutions in ParC and GyrA has been reported to increase gonococcal fluoroquinolone resistance from different regions in the world. Our findings indicate that GyrA S91F, D95G/D95A and ParC E91G amino acid substitutions mediate high fluoroquinolone resistance in the analyzed Kenyan GC.
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