ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2019
Association Among Dietary Supplement Use, Nutrient Intake, and Mortality Among U.S. Adults: A Cohort Study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 148 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
148 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dietary intake of tomato and lycopene, blood levels of lycopene, and risk of total and specific cancers in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- A terminal metabolite of niacin promotes vascular inflammation and contributes to cardiovascular disease risk.Nature medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Total, Dietary, and Supplemental Magnesium Intakes and Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Cardiovascular Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Evidence Map.Annals of internal medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Dietary supplement intake in women with breast cancer before and after diagnosis: results from the SUCCESS C trial.BMC cancer · 2024Trial
- Magnesium Depletion Score (MDS) Predicts Risk of Systemic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Mortality among US Adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- U-Shaped Association Between Serum Vitamin B12 and All-Cause Mortality in Adults With Obesity in the United States: A Prospective Cohort Study.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2026Article
- Coffee consumption in relation to circadian syndrome in US population: a cross-sectional study.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Insights Into the Separate and Joint Effects of Cadmium and Cesium on the Risk of Circadian Syndrome and the Underlying Mechanism: An Integrated Epidemiological and Network Toxicological Study.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Article
- Insights into dietary supplements as popular product supporting the diet.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Association between vitamin D supplement use and cognitive functioning: a longitudinal cohort study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Article
- Factors Influencing Dietary Supplement Selection Among Older Adults in Iran: A Discrete Choice Experiment.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Independent and combined associations of dietary antioxidant exposure with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of dietary omega-3 fatty acids intake with all-cause and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality among individuals with cardiovascular disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between dietary magnesium intake and risk of cataract surgery: data from NHANES 2003-2008.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Dietary supplement consumption is associated with lower dietary quality in Chinese university students based on a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The health benefits and risks of dietary supplement use are controversial. Objective: To evaluate the association among dietary supplement use, levels of nutrient intake from foods and supplements, and mortality among U.S. adults. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) data from 1999 to 2010, linked to National Death Index mortality data. Participants: 30 899 U.S. adults aged 20 years or older who answered questions on dietary supplement use. Measurements: Dietary supplement use in the previous 30 days and nutrient intake from foods and supplements. Outcomes included mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Results: During a median follow-up of 6.1 years, 3613 deaths occurred, including 945 CVD deaths and 805 cancer deaths. Ever-use of dietary supplements was not associated with mortality outcomes. Adequate intake (at or above the Estimated Average Requirement or the Adequate Intake level) of vitamin A, vitamin K, magnesium, zinc, and copper was associated with reduced all-cause or CVD mortality, but the associations were restricted to nutrient intake from foods. Excess intake of calcium was associated with increased risk for cancer death (above vs. at or below the Tolerable Upper Intake Level: multivariable-adjusted rate ratio, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.07 to 2.45]; multivariable-adjusted rate difference, 1.7 [CI, -0.1 to 3.5] deaths per 1000 person-years), and the association seemed to be related to calcium intake from supplements (≥1000 mg/d vs. no use: multivariable-adjusted rate ratio, 1.53 [CI, 1.04 to 2.25]; multivariable-adjusted rate difference, 1.5 [CI, -0.1 to 3.1] deaths per 1000 person-years) rather than foods. Limitations: Results from observational data may be affected by residual confounding. Reporting of dietary supplement use is subject to recall bias. Conclusion: Use of dietary supplements is not associated with mortality benefits among U.S. adults. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.