Trial reportJournal of psychiatric research2019
Sex differences in the association of baseline c-reactive protein (CRP) and acute-phase treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder: Findings from the EMBARC study.
Trial report in Journal of psychiatric research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression treatment response to ketamine: sex-specific role of interleukin-8, but not other inflammatory markers.Translational psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Prevalence and correlates of suicide attempts in working-age, first-episode, drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Advancing an Inflammatory Subtype of Major Depression.The American journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Features of immunometabolic depression as predictors of antidepressant treatment outcomes: pooled analysis of four clinical trials.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2024Article
- Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2023Article
- Biomarkers in Psychiatric Drug Development: From Precision Medicine to Novel Therapeutics.Advances in neurobiology · 2023Article
- Increased Inflammation and Treatment of Depression: From Resistance to Reuse, Repurposing, and Redesign.Advances in neurobiology · 2023Article
- Drug Development for New Psychiatric Drug Therapies.Advances in neurobiology · 2023Article
- A Simple Label-Free Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Sensitive Detection of C-Reactive Proteins.Biosensors · 2022Article
- C-Reactive protein concentrations in reproductive-aged women with major mood disorders.Archives of women's mental health · 2022Article
- Folk Classification and Factor Rotations: Whales, Sharks, and the Problems With the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP).Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2022Article
- Immune targets for therapeutic development in depression: towards precision medicine.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2022Review
- C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Combined serum IL-6, C-reactive protein, and cortisol may distinguish patients with anhedonia in major depressive disorder.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Peripheral immune cell reactivity and neural response to reward in patients with depression and anhedonia.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Role of inflammation in depression and anxiety: Tests for disorder specificity, linearity and potential causality of association in the UK Biobank.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Major Depressive Disorder in Older Patients as an Inflammatory Disorder: Implications for the Pharmacological Management of Geriatric Depression.Drugs & aging · 2021Review
- Potential of Antithrombin III as a Biomarker of Antidepressive Effect in Major Depressive Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Inflammation and depression treatment response to electroconvulsive therapy: Sex-specific role of interleukin-8.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Article
- Higher S100B Levels Predict Persistently Elevated Anhedonia with Escitalopram Monotherapy Versus Antidepressant Combinations: Findings from CO-MED Trial.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Peripheral inflammation is associated with poor response to antidepressant treatments. However, whether sex differentially affects this association remains unknown. Participants of Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care (EMBARC) with baseline plasma samples were included in this study (n = 220; male n = 75, female n = 145). Depression severity [Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression 17-item (HAMD-17)] was measured at baseline and weeks- 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8. Plasma c-reactive protein (CRP) was measured with commercially-available ELISA kits at baseline, week-1, and week-8. Sex difference in prediction of baseline-to-week-8 HAMD-17 change by baseline CRP was tested with sex-by-baseline-CRP-by-time interaction in mixed model analysis. Additionally, changes in CRP from baseline-to-week-8 CRP and its association with HAMD-17 changes over that period were also evaluated. Covariates included body mass index, site, smoking status, and age. There was a significant sex difference in association of baseline-to-week-8 HAMD-17 reduction with baseline CRP (p = 0.033). Higher baseline CRP was associated with lower baseline-to-week-8 HAMD-17 reduction in females (p < 0.0001) but not in males (p = 0.632). Additionally, CRP was significantly reduced (p = 0.041, effect size = 0.254) from baseline-to-week-8, but there were no sex differences in this reduction (p = 0.249). Baseline-to-week-8 changes in HAMD-17 and CRP were not significantly associated either overall (p = 0.348) or based on sex (p = 0.370). In a large study of depressed outpatients, we replicated previous findings that elevated baseline CRP levels are associated with worse antidepressant treatment outcomes. However, this effect was limited only to females. These findings emphasize the importance of studying sex differences in biological mechanisms linking inflammation and depression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.