ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2019
Coasting in live-bearing fish: the drag penalty of being pregnant.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Impacts of Pregnancy on Cognition and Cell Proliferation in a Live-Bearing Fish (Poeciliopsis gracilis).The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Resource competition explains rare cannibalism in the wild in livebearing fishes.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Thriving artificial underwater drag-reduction materials inspired from aquatic animals: progresses and challenges.RSC advances · 2021Review
- Predation risk shapes the degree of placentation in natural populations of live-bearing fish.Ecology letters · 2020Article
- Superfetation reduces the negative effects of pregnancy on the fast-start escape performance in live-bearing fish.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Swimming performance of pregnant live-bearing fish is presumably constrained by the additional drag associated with the reproductive burden. Yet, it is still unclear how and to what extent the reproductive investment affects body drag of the females. We examined the effect of different levels of reproductive investment on body drag. The biggest measured increase in body volume due to pregnancy was about 43%, linked to a wetted area increase of about 16% and 69% for the frontal area. We printed three-dimensional models of live-bearing fish in a straight body posture representing different reproductive allocation (RA) levels. We measured the drag and visualized the flow around these models in a flow tunnel at different speeds. Drag grew in a power fashion with speed and exponentially with the increase of RA, thus drag penalty for becoming thicker was relatively low for low speeds compared to high ones. We show that the drag increase with increasing RA was most probably due to bigger regions of flow separation behind the enlarged belly. We suggest that the rising drag penalty with an increasing RA, possibly together with pregnancy-related negative effects on muscle- and abdominal bending performance, will reduce the maximum swimming speed.
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Registered trials
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