Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30958151›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2019

Steady hydrodynamic interaction between human swimmers.

Zhi-Ming Yuan, Mingxin Li, Chun-Yan Ji, Liang Li, Laibing Jia, Atilla Incecik

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
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  7. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zhi-Ming Yuan1 School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003 , People's Republic of China.
Mingxin Li2 Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G4 0LZ , UK.
Chun-Yan Ji1 School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003 , People's Republic of China.
Liang Li2 Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G4 0LZ , UK.
Laibing Jia3 School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072 , People's Republic of China.
Atilla Incecik2 Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G4 0LZ , UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study focuses on the hydrodynamic interaction between two or three human swimmers in competitive swimming. Although the swimming performance of a single swimmer has been widely examined, studies on the interaction between multiple competitive swimmers are very rare. Experiments showed evidence that the drag of a swimmer could be modified by the existence of the other adjacent competitors (Chatard & Wilson. 2003 Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35, 1176-1181. ( doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000074564.06106.1F )). The following questions arise: (1) what mechanism determines the interaction; (2) which position experiences drag reduction or drag increase; (3) how much can drag be reduced or increased in a formation? According to the authors' knowledge, such questions have not been addressed by any published literature. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to find the mechanism of the hydrodynamic interaction between human swimmers and to quantify this interactive effect by using a steady potential flow solver. The free-surface effect was fully taken into account in our calculations. We firstly calculated the wave drag of a swimmer swimming solely in an open swimming pool. Then we calculated the wave drag of the same swimmer when he/she swam in the wake region of one or two leading swimmers. The results showed that the hydrodynamic interaction made a significant contribution to the drafter's wave drag. By following a leading swimmer, a drafter at wave-riding positions could save up to 63% of their wave drag at speed of 2.0 m s

Indexed as

HydrodynamicsModels, BiologicalSwimmingBiomechanical PhenomenaFemaleHumansMalecompetitive swimmingdraftinghydrodynamic interactionswimming configurationwave drag

Identifiers

PMID30958151
PMCPMC6364631

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.