ArticlePublic health nursing (Boston, Mass.)2019
Isolated, small, and large hospitals have fewer nursing resources than urban hospitals: Implications for rural health policy.
Article in Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Factors influencing clinical decision-making skills among nurses in Malaysia: A three-level general linear mixed-effects analysis.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Article
- Do Rural-Urban Disparities Translate into Nursing Complexity at Hospital Admission? Evidence from a Single Tertiary-Care Pediatric Hospital in Italy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sustaining the nursing workforce in ageing health systems: evidence from trend in entries, exits and capacity projections in Czechia.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Trends and factors associated with hospice care utilization and place of death in the United States between 2002 and 2020: a retrospective data analysis based on the health and retirement study.BMC palliative care · 2026Article
- Toward Safer Diagnoses: A SEIPS-Based Narrative Review of Diagnostic Errors.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nurse Staffing and Patient Outcomes: A Call to Action for Chronic Wound Care Policy Reform.Advances in wound care · 2025Article
- Predicting High Urinary Tract Infection Rates in Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Machine Learning Approach.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Factors affecting integration of the nurse practitioner workforce into health systems: a Delphi consensus study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Experiences of developing competency in a network of nurse executives working at rural medical facilities: an ethnographic qualitative study.Journal of rural medicine : JRM · 2025Article
- Real-Time Virtual Support as an Emergency Department Strategy for Rural, Remote, and Indigenous Communities in British Columbia: Descriptive Case Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Primary care nurses' perception of leadership and the influence of individual and work setting characteristics: A descriptive study.Journal of nursing management · 2022Article
- Patient-Reported Experiences and Satisfaction with Rural Outreach Clinics in New South Wales, Australia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Influence of Hospital Urbanicity on Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A National Cohort Retrospective Analysis.Respiratory care · 2021Article
- Changes in proportion of bachelor's nurses associated with improvements in patient outcomes.Research in nursing & health · 2021Article
- Newborns With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Are Concentrated in Poorer-Quality Hospitals.Hospital pediatrics · 2021Article
- Telehealth in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Veteran and Military Beneficiaries.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2021Article
- The importance of organizational commitment in rural nurses' intent to leave.Journal of advanced nursing · 2020Article
- Hand disorders demographics in rural areas: A 15-year analysis of demographic characteristics overtime in a stable population.Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose was to compare nurse education, patient-to-nurse staffing, nursing skill mix, and nurse work environments across hospitals depending on extent of rurality.
designCross-sectional, comparative, and descriptive. SAMPLE: The final sample included 566 urban, 49 large, 18 small, and 9 isolated hospitals from California, Florida, and Pennsylvania. MEASUREMENT: Data collected from large random samples from the 2005-2008 Multi-State Nursing Care and Patient Safety Study funded by the National Institute of Nursing Research and National Institutes of Health were linked to 2005-2006 American Hospital Association data. Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes developed by the University of Washington and the United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service were used to determine the extent of hospital rurality across the sample.
resultsHospital percentages of baccalaureate prepared nurses differed significantly among urban (38%), large (28%), small (31%), and isolated rural hospitals (21%). Patient-to-registered nurse ratios in urban (4.8), large (5.6), small (5.6), and isolated rural hospitals (7.3) differed. Rural hospital nursing skill mix differed, and was lowest in isolated rural hospitals (65%). Nursing foundations for quality care were poorer in large, small, and isolated rural hospitals.
conclusionResults support bolstering rural nursing resources in more remote locations, potentially through rural health policies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.