ArticleThe Lancet. Child & adolescent health2019
Gestational age at birth and mortality from infancy into mid-adulthood: a national cohort study.
Article in The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physiological responses to exercise in survivors of preterm birth: a meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Influence of Preterm Birth and Low Birthweight on Physical Fitness: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Prenatal maternal posttraumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for adverse birth weight and gestational age outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of affective disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Cervical pessary to prevent preterm birth in asymptomatic high-risk women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Pooled it
- Preterm birth and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Late childhood and adolescent health outcomes in preterm-born infants during 2004-2012: a population-based cohort study in British Columbia, Canada.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Maternal body mass index in early pregnancy and offspring mortality up to early adulthood: A nationwide cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Translational Development of Physiologic IGF-1 Replacement for the Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and extremely preterm birth: time for a broader perspective on long-term outcomes.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Randomised Phase 2b trial of rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3 (OHB-607) for bronchopulmonary dysplasia prevention in preterm neonates: study protocolBMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Long-term pulmonary outcomes in BPD throughout the life-course.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- Follow-up of neonatal chronic respiratory disease: an update based on the current evidence.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- Chronic respiratory morbidity and wheeze after preterm birth: a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Neonatal unit (NU) Infant Medical Trauma and the lifelong implications for children and their families.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Can postnatal steroids or initial mode of respiratory support really impact lung function at adulthood in preterm survivors?Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Preterm Birth and Risk of Health Service Use, Morbidity, and Medication Needs at 5 Years.JAMA pediatrics · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy and Its Impact on Birth Outcomes.JAMA pediatrics · 2025Article
- Preterm Birth Conditions Alter Muscle Stem Cells and Their Niche, Causing Lasting Impairments in Muscle Regeneration and Function.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Universal cervical-length screening to prevent preterm birth in twin pregnancy: cost-utility analysis.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreakthroughs in the treatment of preterm birth approximately 40 years ago have enabled a generation of preterm survivors to now reach mid-adulthood. Understanding their health sequelae is essential for guiding their long-term care. We did a study to examine preterm birth in relation to mortality into mid-adulthood.
methodsA national cohort study was done of all 4 296 814 singleton livebirths in Sweden between 1973 and 2015, who were followed up for mortality through Dec 31, 2017 (maximum age 45 years). Cox regression was used to examine gestational age at birth in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and cosibling analyses assessed for potential confounding by shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors.
findingsIn 103·5 million person-years of follow-up, 43 916 (1·0%) deaths were reported. Gestational age at birth was inversely associated with mortality from infancy to mid-adulthood. Relative to full-term birth (39-41 weeks), the adjusted hazard ratios for mortality associated with gestational age at birth were: 66·14 (95% CI 63·09-69·34) for extremely preterm (22-27 weeks), 8·67 (8·32-9·03) for very preterm (28-33 weeks), 2·61 (2·52-2·71) for late preterm (34-36 weeks), and 1·34 (1·30-1·37) for early term (37-38 weeks), from birth to age 45 years; and 2·04 (0·92-4·55) for extremely preterm, 1·48 (1·17-1·87) for very preterm, 1·22 (1·07-1·39) for late preterm, and 1·16 (1·08-1·25) for early term, at ages 30-45 years. Preterm birth accounted for more deaths among males than females (additive interaction p<0·001). Multiple underlying causes were identified, including congenital anomalies; respiratory, endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases; cancer; and external causes. Cosibling analyses suggested that the observed associations were not due to shared genetic or environmental factors in families.
interpretationPreterm and early term birth should be recognised as chronic conditions that require long-term follow-up for adverse health sequelae in adulthood.
fundingNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.