ArticleBMC health services research2019
Explaining patient delay in healthcare seeking and loss to diagnostic follow-up among patients with presumptive tuberculosis in Tanzania: a mixed-methods study.
Article in BMC health services research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patient delay in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- TB will never end because of us: Experiences of TB preventive treatment among people living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Overcoming Data Loss in Wearable Disease Detection with GAN-Based Imputation.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Delay in seeking health facility and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, mixed methods study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Understanding Patient Experiences: A Mixed-Methods Study on Barriers and Facilitators to TB Care-Seeking in South Africa.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Reasons for maternal near-miss in Bahir Dar city administration, northwest Ethiopia: a qualitative interview approach using socio-ecological model.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Disability inclusion and participation in Mount Frere, Eastern Cape: Barriers and facilitators.African journal of disability · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis in transit: risk factors in Tanzania's high-mobility border regions.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Health-seeking behaviour and patient-related factors associated with the time to TB treatment initiation in four African countries: a cross-sectional survey.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Dengue virus transmission during non-outbreak period in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: a cross-sectional survey.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Pharmacists' Role in Global TB Elimination: Practices, Pitfalls, and Potential.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals on the Strategies, Challenges, and Community Responses to Health System Response and Interventions Towards Lassa Fever Infections and Mortality in Sierra Leone.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2024Article
- Analysis of factors influencing patient delay by patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Observational
- Exploring Knowledge about Fang Traditional Medicine: An Informal Health Seeking Behaviour for Medical or Cultural Afflictions in Equatorial Guinea.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinic presentation delay and tuberculosis treatment outcomes in the Lake Victoria region of East Africa: A multi-site prospective cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Mortality and associated factors among adult patients on tuberculosis treatment in Tanzania: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2021Article
- Oxidative Stress and Trace Elements in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients During 6 Months Anti-tuberculosis Treatment.Biological trace element research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDelay in healthcare seeking and loss to diagnostic follow-up (LDFU) contribute to substantial increase in tuberculosis (TB) morbidity and mortality. We examined factors, including perceived causes and prior help seeking, contributing to delay and LDFU during referral to a TB clinic among patients with presumptive TB initially seeking help at the pharmacies in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.
methodsIn a TB clinic, a semi-structured interview based on the explanatory model interview catalogue (EMIC) framework for cultural epidemiology was administered to presumptive TB patients enrolled at pharmacies during an intervention study. We assessed delay in seeking care at any medical care provider for a period of ≥3 weeks after the onset of symptoms, LDFU during referral (not reaching the TB clinic), and LDFU for three required TB clinic visits among the presumptive and confirmed TB patients. Logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with delay and LDFU.
resultsAmong 136 interviewed patients, 86 (63.2%) were LDFU from pharmacies and TB clinic while 50 (36.8%) were non-LDFU. Out of 136 patients 88 (64.7%) delayed seeking care, of whom 59 (67%) were females. Among the 86 (63.2%) patients in LDFU group, 62 (72.1%) delayed seeking care, while among the 50 (36.8%) non-LDFU, 26 (52.0%) had also delayed seeking care. Prior consultation with a traditional healer (aOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.08-7.40), perceived causes as ingestion (water and food) (aOR 0.38 CI 0.16-0.89), and substance use (smoking and alcohol) (aOR 1.45 CI 0.98-2.14) were all associated with patient delay. Female gender was associated with LDFU (aOR 3.80, 95% CI 1.62-8.87) but not with delay. Other conditions as prior illness and heredity were also associated with LDFU but not delay (aOR 1.48 CI 1.01-2.17).
conclusionDelay and LDFU after referral from the pharmacies were substantial. Notable effects of diagnosis and female gender indicate a need for more attention to women's health to promote timely and sustained TB treatment. Public awareness to counter misconceptions about the causes of TB is needed.
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