ArticleBMC infectious diseases2019
Retention in care and virological failure among adult HIV+ patients on second-line ART in Rwanda: a national representative study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and predictors of virological failure among the people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in East Africa: evidence from a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of published studies from 2016 to 2023.HIV research & clinical practice · 2025Pooled it
- Men missing from the HIV care continuum in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis and meta-synthesis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Pooled it
- Second-line antiretroviral therapy success rates and predictors among people living with HIV in Rwanda, 2019-2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Trends of attrition from HIV care and its predictors among adolescent girls and young women with inconsistent viral load suppression results in Mainland Tanzania, 2016-2024.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Drug resistance mutations among people living with HIV and ART failure in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Factors influencing attrition among adults in HIV care at two referral hospitals in northern coastal Eritrea from 2005 to 2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- HIV Viral Re-Suppression on Second-Line ART in Southern Zimbabwe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Effect of Differentiated Service Delivery Model on Retention to Care among People Living with HIV in Rwanda: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Virological and care outcomes of community ART distribution: Experience with the PODI+ model in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Retention of HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Care: Evidence from Outpatient Clinics in Two Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Long-term effect of chronic hepatitis B on mortality in HIV-infected persons in a differential HBV transmission setting.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Virological Failure Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy, in Selected Public Hospital of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Retrospective Follow-Up Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Attrition and Its Predictors Among Adults Receiving First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Woldia Town Public Health Facilities, Northeast Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Rate of Viral Re-Suppression and Retention to Care Among PLHIV on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Lessons for test and treat in an antiretroviral programme after decentralisation in Uganda: a retrospective analysis of outcomes in public healthcare facilities within the Lablite project.International health · 2020Article
- Prevalence and determinants of virological failure, genetic diversity and drug resistance among people living with HIV in a minority area in China: a population-based study.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Determinants of Virologic Failure Among Adults on Second Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Wollo, Amhara Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Rate of Viral Resuppression and Predictors Among PLHIV on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy at Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCurrently, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this challenge, outcomes of second-line protease inhibitor (PI) based ART in Rwanda were assessed.
methodsA two-stage cluster sampling design was undertaken. 49 of 340 health facilities linked to the open-source electronic medical record (EMR) system of Rwanda were randomly sampled. Data sampling criteria included adult HIV positive patients with documented change from first to second-line ART regimen. Retention in care and treatment failure (viral load above 1000 copies/mL) were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models.
resultsA total of 1688 patients (60% females) initiated second-line ART PI-based regimen by 31st December 2016 with a median follow-up time of 26 months (IQR 24-36). Overall, 92.5% of patients were retained in care; 83% achieved VL ≤ 1000 copies/ml, 2.8% were lost to care and 2.2% died. Defaulting from care was associated with more recent initiation of ART- PI based regimen, CD4 cell count ≤500 cells/mm
conclusionsA high proportion of patients on second-line ART are doing relatively well in Rwanda and retained in care with low viral failure rates. However, enhanced understandings of adherence and adherence interventions for less healthy individuals are required. Routine viral load measurement and tracing of loss to follow-up is fundamental in resource limited settings, especially among less healthy patients.
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