ReviewPharmacoEconomics2019
Quantifying Family Spillover Effects in Economic Evaluations: Measurement and Valuation of Informal Care Time.
Review in PharmacoEconomics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Economic Evaluations of Hearing Interventions in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Evidence and Methods.Advances in therapy · 2026Pooled it
- What are cost-effective ergonomics interventions for prevention and management of occupational musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review of economic evaluation studies.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- The economic burden of Borderline Personality Disorder: direct and indirect costs, and evidence from evaluations of interventions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Methods Used by Pediatric Cost-Utility Analyses to Include Family Spillover Effects.PharmacoEconomics · 2024Pooled it
- Economic evaluations of interventions focusing on child abuse and neglect in high-income countries: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Use of Productivity Loss/Gain in Cost-Effectiveness Analyses for Drugs: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2021Pooled it
- Cost-Utility Analyses of Interventions for Informal Carers: A Systematic and Critical Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2020Pooled it
- Spillover Effects on Caregivers' and Family Members' Utility: A Systematic Review of the Literature.PharmacoEconomics · 2019Pooled it
- Provider and household costs ofBulletin of the World Health Organization · 2019Trial
- Economic Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease on Families in the United States.Viruses · 2026Article
- Advancing Lost Productivity Measurement in Economic Evaluations: Evidence Priorities from a Targeted Literature Review and Expert Workshop.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Review
- Economic value of non-professional care in Spain. An analysis of the last decade.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Potential of ASCOT-Carer for evaluating the quality of life of family caregivers for patients with Alzheimer's disease in Japan.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Towards a Multi-sectoral Approach to Population Health: A Scoping Review of Cross-sectoral Evaluations of Health Interventions.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Review
- Adopting a Societal Perspective in Health-Economic Evaluation: Analysis of Nine HTA Methodological Guidelines on How to Integrate Societal Costs.Journal of market access & health policy · 2026Article
- Healthcare and Nonhealthcare Costs: Youth With Diabetes and Food Insecurity.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Observational
- Article
- Measuring and valuing spillover effects in caregivers and families: A scoping review.PloS one · 2026Article
- EQ-5D-5L or EQ-HWB-S: Which is the Better Instrument for Capturing Spillover Effects in Parental Carers of Children with COVID-19?PharmacoEconomics · 2025Article
- Time value of informal care of people with alzheimer's disease in Spain: a population-based analysis.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spillover effects on the welfare of family members may refer to caregiver health effects, informal care time costs, or both. This review focuses on methods that have been used to measure and value informal care time and makes suggestions for their appropriate use in cost-of-illness and cost-effectiveness analyses. It highlights the importance of methods to value informal care time that are independent of caregiver health effects in order to minimize double counting of spillover effects. Although the concept of including caregiver time costs in economic evaluations is not new, relatively few societal perspective cost-effectiveness analyses have included informal care, with the exception of dementia. This is due in part to challenges in measuring and valuing time costs. Analysts can collect information on time spent in informal care or can assess its impact in displacing other time use, notably time in paid employment. A key challenge is to ensure appropriate comparison groups that do not require informal care to be able to correctly estimate attributable informal care time or foregone market work. To value informal care time, analysts can use estimates of hourly earnings in either opportunity cost or replacement cost approaches. Researchers have used widely varying estimates of hourly earnings. Alternatively, stated-preference methods (i.e. contingent valuation, conjoint analysis) can be used to value the effect of informal care on utility, but this can entail double counting with health effects. Lack of consensus and standardization of methods makes it difficult to compare estimates of informal care costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.