ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020
Influenza A Reinfection in Sequential Human Challenge: Implications for Protective Immunity and "Universal" Vaccine Development.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Influenza A 2009 H1N1 Human Challenge Study in Healthy Adult Volunteers
Evaluation of Anti-Hemagglutinin Antibodies as a Correlate of Protection in an H1N1 Influenza Healthy Human Challenge Model
Rechallenge With a Low Pathogenicity Avian H10N7 Influenza Virus in Healthy Human Volunteers Previously Challenged With H10N7 Influenza
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Final-Size Solutions for SIRI Models with Vaccination.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026Article
- Dual roles for influenza A protein PA-X: limiting inflammatory response and disrupting MHC I antigen presentation in human respiratory epithelium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Respiratory viral coinfections: interactions, mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Estimated impact of 2022-2023 influenza vaccines on annual hospital burden in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Multivariate Host-Pathogen Interactions Driving Heterogeneous Viral Shedding and CD8medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Nasal and systemic immune responses correlate with viral shedding after influenza challenge in people with complex preexisting immunity.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Challenges to the Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Narrative Review with a Systematic Approach.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Incidence of Circulating Antibodies Against Hemagglutinin of Influenza Viruses in Epidemic Season 2023/2024 in Poland.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Potential of biomarkers of ageing in predicting severity of influenza virus infection and vaccination efficacy.npj aging · 2025Review
- Eco-evolutionary dynamics of pathogen immune-escape: deriving a population-level phylodynamic curve.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Protection conferred by SARS-CoV-2 infection across a spectrum of reinfection symptoms and severities.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of intranasal TLR2/6 agonist INNA-051: safety, tolerability and proof of pharmacology.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Defining the balance between optimal immunity and immunopathology in influenza virus infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- iGATE analysis improves the interpretability of single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Addressing bias in the definition of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: implications for underestimation.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Understanding the challenges to COVID-19 vaccines and treatment options, herd immunity and probability of reinfection.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2023Review
- 4'-Fluorouridine mitigates lethal infection with pandemic human and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Interactomics: Dozens of Viruses, Co-evolving With Humans, Including the Influenza A Virus, may Actively Distort Human Aging.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenzaviruses, and other respiratory viruses.Cell host & microbe · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIdentification of correlates of protection against human influenza A virus infection is important in development of broadly protective ("universal") influenza vaccines. Certain assumptions underlie current vaccine developmental strategies, including that infection with a particular influenza A virus should offer long-term or lifelong protection against that strain, preventing reinfection. In this study we report observations made when 7 volunteers participated in sequential influenza challenge studies where they were challenged intranasally using the identical influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus approximately 1 year apart. We evaluate and describe the outcomes of these 7 rechallenge participants and discuss what these results may suggest about correlates of protection and development of more broadly protective influenza vaccines.
methodsSeven participants were enrolled in 2 viral challenge studies at 7.5- to 18.5-month intervals. Both challenge studies used the identical lot of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus administered intranasally. We evaluated pre- and postchallenge hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, and stalk antibody titers; peripheral blood leukocyte host gene expression response profiles; daily viral detection via nasal wash; and clinical signs and symptoms.
resultsAt least 3 of 7 participants demonstrated confirmed laboratory evidence of sequential infection, with 5 of 7 demonstrating clinical evidence.
conclusionsThe data presented in this report demonstrate that sequential infection with the identical influenza A virus can occur and suggest it may not be rare. These data raise questions about immune memory responses in an acute superficial respiratory mucosal infection and their implications in development of broadly protective influenza vaccines. Further investigation of these observations is warranted. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01646138; NCT01971255.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.