ArticleNature communications2019
Adjustment for index event bias in genome-wide association studies of subsequent events.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genome-wide association study of prostate-specific antigen levels in 392,522 men identifies new loci and improves prediction across ancestry groups.Nature genetics · 2025Pooled it
- Reassessing the association of MUC5B with survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Annals of human genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Biomarkers Associated With Severe COVID-19 Among Populations With High Cardiometabolic Risk: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Genetically adjusted PSA levels for prostate cancer screening.Nature medicine · 2023Pooled it
- AAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Higher polygenic risk for melanoma is associated with improved survival in a high ultraviolet radiation setting.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Article
- Polygenic risk scores and plasma proteomics identify cancer-related proteins and trans-regulated protein networks.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Bayesian Mendelian randomization methods for index trait bias correction in subsequent trait genome-wide association studies.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Comparison of methods for assessing effects of risk factors on disease progression in Mendelian randomization under index event bias.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- Body Mass Index, Clinical Outcomes, and Mortality in Heart Failure: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Challenges and future directions for Mendelian randomization.Nature genetics · 2026Review
- Article
- Age-dependent Genetic Risk in Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients and Relatives.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Histone chaperone-based stratification combined with two-sample Mendelian randomization identifies ADORA2B and SAPCD2 as prognostic biomarkers in esophageal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- MUC5B promoter variant and survival in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- An application of the MR-Horse method to reduce selection bias in genome-wide association studies of disease progression.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Following numerous genome-wide association studies of disease susceptibility, there is increasing interest in genetic associations with prognosis, survival or other subsequent events. Such associations are vulnerable to index event bias, by which selection of subjects according to disease status creates biased associations if common causes of incidence and prognosis are not accounted for. We propose an adjustment for index event bias using the residuals from the regression of genetic effects on prognosis on genetic effects on incidence. Our approach eliminates this bias when direct genetic effects on incidence and prognosis are independent, and otherwise reduces bias in realistic situations. In a study of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, we reverse a paradoxical association of the strong susceptibility gene MUC5B with increased survival, suggesting instead a significant association with decreased survival. In re-analysis of a study of Crohn's disease prognosis, four regions remain associated at genome-wide significance but with increased standard errors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.