ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2019
Sleepless in Beirut: Sleep Difficulties in an Urban Environment With Chronic Psychosocial Stress.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Prevalence of Insomnia Disorder in the General Population: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2025Pooled it
- Sleep Duration and Quality, Sleep Disorders and Their Association with Adiposity Markers in Adults from the Middle East: A Systematic Review.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- The correlation of sleep disorders with postoperative outcomes in spine surgery: A narrative review.North American Spine Society journal · 2025Article
- Impact of socioeconomic and political stressors on mental health: a cross-sectional study on university students in Lebanon.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- The triangulation of multimorbidity: A systematic review of primary sleep disorders, hypertension, and psychiatric disorders.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Assessment of obstructive sleep apnea rate and associated factors among Lebanese adults: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Insomnia and Mental Health Outcomes After Catastrophic Disasters: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining the Long-Term Effects of the Beirut Port Explosion.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Psychosocial characteristics of the general population who habitually use hypnotics: Results from a national survey on drug use among the Japanese.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances in Latin American Populations and Its Association with Their Socioeconomic Status-A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Relationship between sleep disorders and female infertility among US reproductive-aged women.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2023Article
- Sleep Medicine Knowledge Among Graduating Medical Students in Lebanon During an Economic and Political Crisis: A Preliminary Survey.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic status and sleep health: a narrative synthesis of 3 decades of empirical research.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Review
- Cross Sectional Study of the Community Self-Reported Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) and Awareness in Thessaly, Greece.Clocks & sleep · 2022Article
- Sleep disorders in a sample of Lebanese children: the role of parental mental health and child nutrition and activity.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Poor sleep efficiency and daytime napping are risk factors of depersonalization disorder in female university students.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2020Article
- Development of the Lebanese insomnia scale (LIS-18): a new scale to assess insomnia in adult patients.BMC psychiatry · 2019Article
- Self-reported risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and awareness about it in the community of 4 insular complexes comprising 41 Greek Islands.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesThe prevalence of sleep disorders in the Lebanese population is unknown. We assessed the prevalence of insomnia and sleep apnea risk and examined their relationship with sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics in a sample from Greater Beirut.
methodsThis cross-sectional pilot survey included 501 adults from the community (age 45.2 ± 15.2 years, 64% females). Insomnia symptoms, insomnia disorder, and sleep apnea risk were assessed using the Sleep Heart Health Study and Berlin Questionnaire. Characteristics were compared between individuals with and without insomnia symptoms, insomnia disorder, and sleep apnea. Correlates were assessed using multivariate regression.
resultsA total of 44.5% of participants reported insomnia symptoms > 15 nights/mo and 34.5% reported insomnia. Predictors of insomnia symptoms and disorder included female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.27 and OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.13-2.75, respectively), education level below high school (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.31-2.95 and OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.52-3.77, respectively) and medical comorbidities (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.30-3.95 and OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.3-5.27, respectively). Although 31% of participants were at high risk for sleep apnea, only 5% received the diagnosis from a physician. Increased sleep apnea risk was associated with unemployment (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.11-3.49), high body mass index (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11-1.24), snoring (OR 16.7, 95% CI 9.0-31.0), hypertension (OR 4.33, 95% CI 2.28-8.22), arthritis (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.01-4.01), and other medical comorbidities (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.24-5.68).
conclusionsInsomnia and sleep apnea are highly prevalent and likely underdiagnosed in this cohort from Lebanon and are associated with disadvantaged socioeconomic status and medical comorbidities. This alarming prevalence of sleep difficulties and disorders calls for future research exploring the causes including the potential effect of social, economic, and political instability, mental and psychological stress, local customs, and environmental factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.