Trial reportJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2019
Circadian Preference as a Moderator of Depression Outcome Following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Plus Antidepressant Medications: A Report From the TRIAD Study.
Trial report in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diurnal preference and depressive symptomatology: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Examining fronto-limbic brain and sleep mechanisms of antidepressant effects in cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Report from a randomized control trial: improved alignment between circadian biology and sleep-wake behavior as a mechanism of depression symptom improvement in evening-type adolescents with depressive symptoms.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Trial
- Digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I): Chronotype moderation on intervention outcomes.Journal of sleep research · 2022Trial
- An examination of chronotype associations with symptoms of depression, PTSD, and sleep disturbances in US military veterans.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- Circadian Timing Moderates Diurnal Positive Affect Rhythms in Adolescents.Journal of biological rhythms · 2026Article
- Insomnia and Inflammation Conspire to Heighten Depression Risk: Implications for Treatment and Prevention of Mood Disorders.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- Role of chronotype in depression.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- The network linking daytime sleepiness, chronotype, and emotional distress is bridged by anxiety and depression in young adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Insomnia Comorbid With Depression: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Research Trends and Hotspots From 2000 to 2024.Behavioural neurology · 2025Review
- Review
- Profile and mental health characterization of childhood overprotection/overcontrol experiences among Chinese university students: a nationwide survey.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Patterns of sleep disturbances and associations with depressive symptoms in autistic young adults.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2022Article
- Moderators of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia on Depression and Anxiety Outcomes.Current psychiatry reports · 2022Review
- The Association Between Morningness-Eveningness Preference, Depression, Anxiety and Insomnia Among Chinese Textile Workers With or Without Shift Work.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Problematic smartphone use is associated with differences in static and dynamic brain functional connectivity in young adults.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Sleep and Mood Disorders Among Youth.Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America · 2021Review
- Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Predicting Treatment Response and Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesWe previously presented results from a randomized controlled trial that examined the effects of antidepressant medication plus cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and insomnia. The current secondary analysis aims to examine whether circadian preference moderated the reduction in depression and insomnia symptom severity during this trial.
methodsA total of 139 adult participants with MDD and insomnia disorder were treated with antidepressant medication and randomized to receive 7 sessions of CBT-I or a control therapy (CTRL). Circadian preference (eveningness) was measured using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). Depression symptom severity was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS); insomnia symptom severity was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Inventory (ISI). The moderating role of circadian preference on changes in HRSD and ISI was assessed via latent growth models within the framework of structural equation modeling.
resultsGreater evening preference was associated with smaller reduction in HDRS (
conclusionsIndividuals with MDD and insomnia who have an evening preference are at increased risk for poor response to pharmacological depression treatment augmented with either CBT-I or CTRL behavioral insomnia treatment. However, evening types have better depression outcomes when treated with CBT-I than with CTRL for insomnia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.