ArticlePloS one2019
Dental enamel bleached for a prolonged and excessive time: Morphological changes.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of low-concentration at-home bleaching gels on whitening and tooth sensitivity: a split mouth randomized clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2025Trial
- Effect of incorporating calcium polyphosphate submicroparticles into bleaching gels on enamel surface loss after erosive challenge.Odontology · 2026Article
- Enamel and Bleaching or Breaching: Vickers Hardness and Backscattered Electron Imaging.Calcified tissue international · 2026Review
- Assessment of chitosan addition to at-home bleaching gel with and without calcium on the physical properties of tooth enamel.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2026Article
- Effect of a Home Bleaching Gel Containing Chitosan and Theobromine on Tooth Surface Roughness, Microhardness, and Colour Change.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ex vivo comparative study of at home bleaching products on whitening efficacy and enamel integrity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Effect of Home Bleaching Gel with Chitosan on Tooth Color and Mineral Alteration.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- In Vitro Evaluation of Chemical and Microhardness Alterations in Human Enamel Induced by Three Commercial In-Office Bleaching Agents.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- From Microstructure to Shade Shift: Confocal and Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Peroxide-Induced Dental Bleaching.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of Bromelain and Papain in Tooth Whitening and Caries Removal: A Literature Review.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- Biological action of bleaching agents on tooth structure: A review.Histology and histopathology · 2024Review
- Effect of incorporation of calcium polyphosphate sub-microparticles in low-concentration bleaching gels on physical properties of dental enamel.Odontology · 2024Article
- Article
- Does the whitening dentifrice containing activated charcoal interfere with the properties of dental enamel? Microhardness, surface roughness and colorimetry analyzes.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2024Article
- Comparative evaluation of effect of chlorhexidine application on dentin bond strength with two different adhesives after ER, CR: YSGG phototherapy: an in vitro study.Lasers in medical science · 2023Article
- Maintenance of enamel properties after bleaching with high-concentrated hydrogen-peroxide gel containing calcium polyphosphate sub-microparticles.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Dental Bleaching with Phthalocyanine Photosensitizers: Effects on Dentin Color and Collagen Content.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Calcium-Polyphosphate Submicroparticles (CaPP) Improvement Effect of the Experimental Bleaching Gels' Chemical and Cellular-Viability Properties.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Influence of Tucupi on Enamel Surface Roughness, Microhardness, Ultramorphology and Mass Variation.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2023Article
- Excessive Dental Bleaching with 22% Carbamide Peroxide Combined with Erosive and Abrasive Challenges: New Insights into the Morphology and Surface Properties of Enamel.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the roughness, microhardness, ultrastructure, chemical composition and crystalline structure in submitted teeth to a prolonged home bleaching regimen with 10% carbamide peroxide (10% PC) for different periods. The specimens were divided into the following groups: G1: negative control (application of water-soluble gel); G2: tooth whitening group (positive control), under application time recommended by the manufacturer (4h/14 days); G3: prolonged whitening 50%, under prolonged time recommended by the manufacturer in 50% (4h/21 days); G4: excessive whitening 100%, under exceeded manufacturer recommended time by 100% (4h/ 28 days). The results were evaluated descriptively and analytically. There were no changes in the roughness in any of the evaluated groups. However, the microhardness decreased in the G4 group. Scanning electron microscopy showed changes in the enamel surface of groups G2, G3 and G4. Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy identified changes in the concentration of chemical elements O, Mg, P, K in all groups. Thus, this study showed that prolonged home bleaching could cause changes in the ultrastructure, chemical composition and microhardness of the enamel.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.